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3% 過氧化氫 (雙氧水)

Hydrogen Peroxide 3%

Hydrogen peroxide

口服催吐劑 / 局部抗菌劑POtopical狗貓雪貂豬

別名: Hydrogen Peroxide 3% Solution · Dilute hydrogen peroxide solution · Hydrogen peroxide solution 10-volume · Hydrogen peroxide topical solution

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

1 teaspoon (5 mL) per 5 lbs. (2.3 kg) of body weight (approximately 2 mL/kg) not to exceed 3 tablespoons (45 mL).PO· can be repeated once if not initially successful
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
As an emetic1 teaspoon (5 mL) per 5 lbs. (2.3 kg) of body weight (approximately 2 mL/kg) not to exceed 3 tablespoons (45 mL).POcan be repeated once if not initially successful—🌎 NA
As an emetic1-2 mL/kg PO up to 2-3 timesPOup to 2-3 times—🌎 NA
As an emetic1-5 mL/kg PO; generally not to exceed 50 mL for dogs and 10 mL for cats; may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur.POmay repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur—🌎 NA
  • As an emetic: Vomiting usually occurs within minutes.
  • As an emetic: Inducing emesis is most effective if administered after a small meal.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
As an emetic1 teaspoon (5 mL) per 5 lbs. (2.3 kg) of body weight (approximately 2 mL/kg) not to exceed 3 tablespoons (45 mL).POcan be repeated once if not initially successful—🌎 NA
As an emetic1-2 mL/kg PO up to 2-3 timesPOup to 2-3 times—🌎 NA
As an emetic1-5 mL/kg PO; generally not to exceed 50 mL for dogs and 10 mL for cats; may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur.POmay repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur—🌎 NA
  • As an emetic: Vomiting usually occurs within minutes. Note: Use in cats is generally discouraged due to risk of severe gastric ulceration.
  • As an emetic: Inducing emesis is most effective if administered after a small meal.

雪貂

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
As an emetic1 teaspoon (5 mL) per 5 lbs. (2.3 kg) of body weight (approximately 2 mL/kg) not to exceed 3 tablespoons (45 mL).POcan be repeated once if not initially successful—🌎 NA
As an emetic1-2 mL/kg PO up to 2-3 timesPOup to 2-3 times—🌎 NA
As an emetic1-5 mL/kg PO; may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur.POmay repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur—🌎 NA
  • As an emetic: Vomiting usually occurs within minutes.
  • As an emetic: Inducing emesis is most effective if administered after a small meal.

豬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
As an emetic (pot-bellied pigs)1 teaspoon (5 mL) per 5 lbs. (2.3 kg) of body weight (approximately 2 mL/kg) not to exceed 3 tablespoons (45 mL).POcan be repeated once if not initially successful—🌎 NA
As an emetic (pot-bellied pigs)1-2 mL/kg PO up to 2-3 timesPOup to 2-3 times—🌎 NA
As an emetic (pot-bellied pigs)1-5 mL/kg PO; may repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur.POmay repeat one time if after 10 minutes emesis does not occur—🌎 NA
  • As an emetic (pot-bellied pigs): Vomiting usually occurs within minutes.
  • As an emetic (pot-bellied pigs): Inducing emesis is most effective if administered after a small meal.

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

正在為病患診症？VetSheet 的 AI 會把藥物、劑量與療程直接寫入結構化診症筆記。了解 VetSheet 如何運作

概覽

3% 過氧化氫是一種廣泛使用的局部抗菌劑，在獸醫學中常被用作​緊急口服催吐劑​，主要用於犬隻。

  • ​臨床要點：​ 雖然它是家庭常備用品，但作為催吐劑通常僅限於無法立即獲得獸醫治療且需要快速去毒的情況。在臨床環境中，首選中樞性催吐劑如​阿朴嗎啡 (apomorphine)​（犬用）或​甲苯噻嗪/右美托咪定 (xylazine/dexmedetomidine)​（貓用），因為它們的療效更高且引起嚴重黏膜刺激的風險較低。
  • ​貓咪注意事項：​ 毒理學家越來越不建議在貓身上使用，因為有引發嚴重壞死性出血性胃炎的高風險。
  • ​療效：​ 成功誘發嘔吐並不能保證胃內容物已完全排空；攝入的藥物/毒素可能仍有大量殘留或已被吸收。

作用機制

Orally administered hydrogen peroxide (3%) induces a vomiting reflex via direct irritant effects on the oropharynx and gastric lining.

  • ​Mechanism:​ H₂O₂ interacts with the enzyme catalase present in tissue and blood → rapid release of water (H₂O) and oxygen gas (O₂) → massive bubbling and gastric distension.
  • The combination of direct mucosal irritation and sudden gastric distension stimulates visceral afferent vagal and sympathetic nerves → signals the emetic center in the medulla oblongata → triggers the vomiting reflex.
  • Emesis typically ensues within 10 minutes of administration.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Animals already vomiting
  • Severely lethargic, comatose, or debilitated animals (e.g., respiratory distress, decreased swallowing reflex, bradycardia)
  • Seizuring or hyperactive animals
  • Recent abdominal surgery
  • Megaesophagus
  • Ingestion of corrosives/caustics (e.g., acids, alkalis)
  • Ingestion of sharp objects
  • Ingestion of bagged illicit drugs
  • Ingestion of hydrocarbons or petroleum distillates
  • Rodents or rabbits (incapable of vomiting)

不良反應

  • Aspiration of hydrogen peroxide solution or stomach contents
  • Vasovagal (bradycardic) response in animals with cardiovascular compromise
  • Gastric ulceration (particularly in cats)
  • Gastric-dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in dogs

注意事項

​WARNING:​ Do not induce emesis in animals that lack a normal swallowing reflex or are severely depressed due to high aspiration risk.

  • ​Neurological Status:​ Use caution when attempting to induce emesis in a dog that has ingested a compound that can cause seizures or CNS depression, as CNS status may rapidly deteriorate.
  • ​Timeframe:​ Administration and emesis generally must occur within 4 hours (some say 2 hours or 6 hours maximum) of the toxic ingestion.
  • ​Product Safety:​ If home administration is necessary, ensure clients use ONLY the 3% medical grade solution. Higher concentrations are highly corrosive.
  • ​Monitoring:​ Because aspiration and/or bradycardia are possible, animals should be closely observed. Suctioning, respiratory, and cardiovascular support (e.g., atropine) should be available in a clinical setting.
  • ​Re-ingestion:​ Do not allow the animal to re-ingest vomitus.

藥物相互作用

ACETYLCYSTEINE (oral)

Hydrogen peroxide can oxidize acetylcysteine in the gut; alternative emetics are preferred for acetaminophen overdoses.

ANTIEMETICS (e.g., ondansetron, maropitant)

Preadministration or ingestion of these products may negate the emetic effects of hydrogen peroxide.

監測

  • Efficacy (emesis, signs associated with toxicity of the substance ingested, blood levels of toxicants if applicable)
  • Heart rate and respiration rate
  • Thoracic auscultation after emesis (to monitor for aspiration pneumonia)

過量

Hydrogen peroxide 3% solution is relatively non-toxic after oral ingestion, though it can cause gastric irritation, vomiting, and rarely gastric ulceration or GDV.

​DANGER:​ Hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of 10% or greater (such as hair bleach or industrial peroxide) can be very corrosive, causing severe burns to the oral and gastric mucosa, and can induce fatal oxygen emboli after oral ingestion.

可用產品

劑型

  • 3% solution (2.5-3.5% w/v)

獸醫用

  • None as an oral emetic

人用標示

  • Hydrogen Peroxide 3% Solution (OTC, usually sold in pint bottles)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store 3% solutions in airtight containers at room temperature and protected from light. Hydrogen peroxide 3% can deteriorate with time; outdated or improperly stored products may not be effective as an emetic.

飼主須知

​僅限緊急使用：​ 在未諮詢獸醫師或寵物毒物控制中心之前，切勿自行催吐。某些毒物（如電池、漂白水或尖銳物品）在吐出時會造成嚴重傷害！

  • ​使用正確產品：​ 確保您使用的是標準的 ​3% 過氧化氫（雙氧水）​。較高濃度（如染髮劑）極度危險且具有腐蝕性。
  • ​給藥方式：​ 使用餵藥針筒或滴管將液體注入嘴巴側面。不要強行灌入喉嚨，以免寵物將液體吸入肺部。
  • ​實用技巧：​ 在給予雙氧水之前餵食少量濕潤的食物（如一片麵包或少許罐頭食品），可以讓胃有東西推動，提高嘔吐的機會。給藥後讓狗狗走動也有助於雙氧水在胃中混合。
  • ​後續護理：​ 密切觀察您的寵物。不要讓牠們再次吃下嘔吐物。用塑膠袋或容器收集嘔吐物樣本，以便獸醫師檢查。

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