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羥基脲 (Hydroxycarbamide / Hydroxyurea)

Hydroxycarbamide (Hydroxyurea)

Hydroxycarbamide

抗腫瘤藥 - 抗代謝物PO狗貓

別名: Hydrea · Hydroxyurea

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

See Appendix for chemotherapy protocolsPO· variable· Reduce dosage frequency once in remission

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Polycythaemia vera, chronic myeloid leukaemia, mast cell tumours, meningiomasSee Appendix for chemotherapy protocolsPOvariableReduce dosage frequency once in remission🌍 EU
  • Polycythaemia vera, chronic myeloid leukaemia, mast cell tumours, meningiomas: Perform haematology initially weekly for one month, then every two weeks for one month, then monthly if tolerated.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Polycythaemia vera, chronic myeloid leukaemiaSee Appendix for chemotherapy protocolsPOvariableReduce dosage frequency once in remission🌍 EU
  • Polycythaemia vera, chronic myeloid leukaemia: Haematology MUST be monitored weekly at the start of drug therapy due to greater risk of myelosuppression.

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

羥基脲是一種抗代謝的抗腫瘤藥物，主要用於獸醫學中治療骨髓增生性疾病（如真性紅血球增多症和白血病），以及肥大細胞瘤和犬腦膜瘤的輔助治療。

​警告​：本品為細胞毒性藥物，必須嚴格遵守安全操作規範以防止人員暴露。

​臨床提示​：貓對羥基脲的骨髓抑制作用更為敏感，初期需要更密集的監測。

作用機制

Hydroxycarbamide inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase → prevents the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides → depletes the intracellular pool of precursors essential for DNA synthesis and repair.

It is a cell-cycle specific agent acting primarily in the S-phase, but it may also arrest cells at the G1-S border.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Pre-existing bone marrow suppression

不良反應

  • Myelosuppression (dose-limiting)
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Anorexia
  • Dysuria
  • Stomatitis
  • Sloughing of nails
  • Alopecia
  • Methaemoglobinaemia (in cats at high doses)
  • Cardiovascular changes (increased diastolic BP/HR, decreased systolic BP)

注意事項

Cytotoxic Handling: Must be handled with appropriate precautions (gloves, avoiding splitting/crushing).

  • Feline Sensitivity: Cats are at greater risk of myelosuppression compared to dogs; weekly haematology is mandatory at the start of therapy.
  • Renal Impairment: Use with caution in patients with renal dysfunction; dose reduction may be required.
  • Other Cautions: Use cautiously in patients with a history of urate stones, or those that have received previous chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

藥物相互作用

Other myelosuppressive agentsMajor

Increased risk of severe bone marrow suppression

監測

  • Haematology (weekly for 1 month, then biweekly for 1 month, then monthly)
  • Renal function parameters
  • Blood pressure and ECG (due to potential cardiovascular effects)

過量

In cats, very high doses (>500 mg) have been reported to cause methaemoglobinaemia.

可用產品

劑型

  • 100 mg tablet
  • 1 g tablet
  • 300 mg capsule
  • 500 mg capsule

人用標示

  • Hydrea 500 mg capsule
  • 100 mg tablet
  • 300 mg capsule
  • 1 g tablet

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA

POM (Prescription Only Medicine)

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD

POM (Prescription Only Medicine)

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store in a tightly closed container according to manufacturer guidelines. Handle as a hazardous/cytotoxic drug.

飼主須知

  • ​化療藥物警告​：本藥物為化療藥物。給藥時及給藥後至少48小時內，清理寵物的尿液、糞便或嘔吐物時，請務必戴上拋棄式手套。
  • ​請勿壓碎或打開膠囊/錠劑​。
  • ​監測至關重要​：嚴格遵守血液檢查時間表，以防止白血球數量出現危及生命的下降。
  • 若寵物出現極度疲倦、不明原因的瘀傷/出血、嘔吐、腹瀉或食慾不振，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。

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