益達胺
Imidacloprid
別名: Advantage · Advantix · Advocate · Seresto · Prinovox · Moxiclear
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment and prevention of flea infestations | Apply topically every 4 weeks | topical | q4 weeks | Ongoing | 🌍 EU |
- Treatment and prevention of flea infestations: May be used in nursing bitches. Do not use in unweaned puppies <8 weeks.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment and prevention of flea infestations | Apply topically every 4 weeks | topical | q4 weeks | Ongoing | 🌍 EU |
- Treatment and prevention of flea infestations: May be used in nursing queens. Do not use in unweaned kittens <8 weeks. NEVER use permethrin combinations.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
益達胺是一種廣泛使用的局部外用驅蟲藥，用於治療和預防犬貓的跳蚤感染。它可作為單一成分使用，或與莫昔克丁 (moxidectin)、百滅寧 (permethrin) 或氟氯苯菊酯 (flumethrin) 等其他抗寄生蟲藥物結合使用，以擴大其對抗壁蝨、蟎蟲和體內寄生蟲的抗菌譜。
警告： 含有百滅寧 (permethrin) 的複方產品（例如 Advantix 蚤安）對貓具有高度毒性，絕對不可用於貓身上。
臨床提示： 為了達到最佳的跳蚤控制效果，強烈建議同時使用核准的昆蟲生長調節劑 (IGR) 並進行環境管理。所有接觸過的動物都應同時接受治療。
作用機制
Imidacloprid acts on the central nervous system of insects. It binds to post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors → causes continuous nerve stimulation → results in paralysis and death of adult fleas and their larvae.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Unweaned puppies and kittens <8 weeks of age (sole agent)
- Kittens <10 weeks or puppies <7 weeks of age (flumethrin collar)
- Pregnancy and lactation (flumethrin collar)
- Cats (permethrin combination products)
- Kittens <9 weeks or <1kg, puppies <7 weeks (moxidectin combination)
不良反應
- Transient pruritus at application site
- Erythema at application site
- Salivation (if ingested due to bitter taste)
- Transient lethargy
- Agitation
- Inappetence
注意事項
Environmental Toxicity: Imidacloprid and its combinations are dangerous to aquatic organisms and birds. Treated dogs should not swim in surface water for at least 48 hours after spot-on application, and collars should be removed before swimming.
Feline Safety: Ensure cats do not groom dogs recently treated with permethrin-containing combination products.
Avoid applying the product to damaged skin. Prevent the animal from licking the application site until dry.
監測
- Efficacy of flea control
- Application site for signs of irritation or erythema
藥物動力學
吸收
Distributes rapidly over the lipid layer of the skin and hair coat after topical application.
分佈
Remains primarily on the skin surface and hair; minimal systemic absorption.
代謝
Minimal systemic metabolism due to low absorption.
排除
Shed with hair and skin desquamation.
過量
Overdose of the topical formulation is generally well tolerated, though application site reactions may be more pronounced.
Toxicity Warning: In the event of accidental ingestion of the combined product with flumethrin, diazepam should be administered to control neurological signs.
可用產品
劑型
- Topical spot-on: 100 mg/ml (sole agent or combined with moxidectin/permethrin)
- Impregnated collar: 1.25 g/4.5 g imidacloprid combined with flumethrin
獸醫用
- Advantix (Imidacloprid + Permethrin)
- Advocate (Imidacloprid + Moxidectin)
- Moxiclear (Imidacloprid + Moxidectin)
- Prinovox (Imidacloprid + Moxidectin)
- Seresto collar (Imidacloprid + Flumethrin)
各地核准狀態
Regulated by the EPA as a pesticide rather than the FDA.
Available in various classifications depending on the combination.
Classified as POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinarian) for some combinations (e.g., with moxidectin) and AVM-GSL (Authorized Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List) for others.
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store in the original packaging to protect from moisture and light. Keep out of reach of children.
飼主須知
- 使用方法： 將滴劑直接點在寵物舔不到的頭顱底部/頸背皮膚上。
- 洗澡/游泳： 點藥後至少 48 小時內，請勿讓狗在池塘或河流中游泳，因為該藥物對魚類和水生生物具有高度毒性。游泳前請取下除蚤項圈。
- 安全性： 本產品味道非常苦；如果您的寵物不小心舔到未乾的點藥處，可能會短暫出現過度流口水的現象。這通常是無害的，並且會自行消退。
- 家庭警告： 如果使用含有百滅寧 (permethrin) 的犬用產品（例如 Advantix），在點藥部位完全乾燥之前，請將治療過的狗與貓隔離，因為百滅寧對貓是致命的。
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