依米達普利
Imidapril
Imidapril hydrochloride
別名: Prilium · Imidapril hydrochloride · Imidaprilum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congestive heart failure, proteinuria, or hypertension | 0.25 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Congestive heart failure, proteinuria, or hypertension: For dogs weighing >4 kg.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac disease or proteinuria | 0.5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Cardiac disease or proteinuria: Anecdotal dose; no data available.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
依米達普利 (Imidapril) 是一種血管張力素轉化酶 (ACE) 抑制劑，在獸醫學中主要用於治療犬隻因二尖瓣逆流或擴張性心肌病引起的充血性心衰竭 (CHF)。通常與利尿劑、匹莫苯丹 (Pimobendan) 或螺內酯 (Spironolactone) 併用以達到最佳療效。此外，它也用於控制與慢性腎功能不全、腎小球疾病和蛋白質流失性腎病相關的蛋白尿，並可能有助於降低高血壓。
臨床警告： 在低血壓或腎臟灌流不良（例如急性少尿性腎衰竭）的動物中，ACE 抑制劑更容易引起或加重腎前性氮血症。若存在低血壓、低血鈉或心室出口阻塞，應極度謹慎使用。
臨床提示： 雖然主要核准用於犬隻，但將 ACE 抑制劑用於患有心臟病的貓，是基於理論上的益處以及在其他物種中的研究結果推斷而來。
作用機制
Imidapril acts by competitively inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).
- Angiotensin I → (ACE inhibition) → Decreased Angiotensin II production.
- Inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin (a potent vasodilator).
The overall cardiovascular effect is a reduction in preload and afterload via venodilation and arteriodilation, decreased salt and water retention via reduced aldosterone production, and inhibition of angiotensin-aldosterone-mediated cardiac and vascular remodeling.
In the kidneys, it causes efferent arteriolar dilation, which reduces intraglomerular pressure and glomerular filtration, thereby decreasing proteinuria.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Acute renal failure
- Congenital heart disease
- Hemodynamically relevant stenoses (e.g., aortic stenosis)
- Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Hypovolemia
- Breeding, pregnant, or lactating bitches
- Dogs weighing < 4 kg (safety not established)
不良反應
- Hypotension
- Hyperkalemia
- Azotemia
- Anorexia (rare)
- Vomiting (rare)
- Diarrhea (rare)
注意事項
Regular monitoring of blood pressure, serum creatinine, urea, and electrolytes is strongly recommended during ACE inhibitor treatment. Dosage should be reduced if there are clinical signs of hypotension (e.g., weakness, disorientation). Use cautiously in patients with hyponatremia or outflow tract obstructions.
藥物相互作用
Could result in hyperkalemia, though in practice, spironolactone and ACE inhibitors appear safe to use concurrently.
Increased risk of hyperkalemia.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity and decreased clinical efficacy of the ACE inhibitor.
Increased risk of hypotension.
Increased risk of hypotension.
Increased risk of hypotension when combined with negative inotropes.
監測
- Blood pressure
- Serum creatinine and BUN
- Serum electrolytes (especially potassium and sodium)
- Clinical signs of hypotension (weakness, syncope)
藥物動力學
代謝
Imidapril is a prodrug that is metabolized in the liver to its active metabolite, imidaprilat.
過量
Doses of up to 5 mg/kg/day have been well tolerated in healthy dogs. If overdosage occurs, monitor closely for signs of hypotension (weakness, lethargy, disorientation). If hypotension occurs, supportive care including intravenous fluids may be required.
可用產品
劑型
- 75 mg powder for oral solution
- 150 mg powder for oral solution
獸醫用
- Prilium 75 mg powder for oral solution
- Prilium 150 mg powder for oral solution
各地核准狀態
POM-V
POM-V
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store the unmixed powder at room temperature. Once reconstituted with water, the oral solution should be stored in the refrigerator (2-8°C) and used within the timeframe specified by the manufacturer (typically 77 days).
飼主須知
用途： 依米達普利透過放鬆血管來幫助您寵物的心臟更輕鬆地泵血。它也用於保護腎臟，防止在某些腎臟疾病中流失過多蛋白質。
給藥方式： 請嚴格按照獸醫的指示給藥。通常以液體形式每天給予一次。
注意事項： 如果您的寵物顯得異常疲倦、虛弱、頭暈或食慾不振，請聯絡您的獸醫。這些可能是血壓降得太低的跡象。
監測： 您的獸醫需要定期檢查您寵物的血壓並進行血液檢查，以確保牠們的腎臟能良好適應藥物，且鉀離子濃度保持在安全範圍內。
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