重組人類干擾素α
人類重組干擾素α是一種**細胞激素**，主要用於減輕某些病毒性疾病的臨床症狀並作為免疫調節劑。 * **在貓的應用**：常以皮下注射或口服/口腔黏膜給藥，用於治療FIV、FeLV或FHV-1等病毒感染。 * **在狗的應用**：作為輔助療法治療病毒或免疫抑制相關疾病（如乳突瘤、足部皮膚炎），也曾被評估用於某些腫瘤疾病（如血管肉瘤）。 > **臨床提示**：由於這是人類重組蛋白，貓若長期（3-7週）接受注射，可能會產生中和抗體而導致療效下降。目前臨床上若有條件，通常更傾向使用貓專用干擾素（Feline interferon-omega）。低劑量口服被認為是透過局部口咽黏膜發揮免疫調節作用，而非全身性吸收。
作用機制: Interferon alfa exhibits **antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulating effects**. * **Mechanism**: It binds to specific cell-surface receptors → activates the **JAK-STAT signaling pathway** → induces transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). * **Antiviral Activity**: The ISGs produce proteins (e.g., 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, protein kinase R) that inhibit the synthesis of viral RNA, DNA, and cellular proteins, effectively degrading viral RNA and halting viral replication. * **Immunomodulation**: Enhances macrophage phagocytic activity and augments specific cytotoxicity of lymphocytes for target cells.
各物種劑量
- FeLV infection (Low dose) · 30 Units/cat · PO · daily · 7 days on, 7 days off
- FeLV infection (High dose) · 10,000-1,000,000 Units/kg · SC · once daily
- FIV infection · 30 Units/cat · PO · daily · 7 days on, 7 days off
- Chronic FHV-1 infections (Systemic) · 30 Units/cat · PO · daily · 7 days on, 7 days off; repeat cycle
- Chronic FHV-1 infections (Ophthalmic) · 1 drop of 25-50 Units/mL of saline in affected eye(s) · Topical · q4-6h
- Acute life-threatening FHV-1 infections in kittens · 10,000 Units/kg · SC · daily · up to 3 weeks
- Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and severe cases of oral/cutaneous papillomas · 1.5-2 million Units/m2 · SC · 3 times weekly
- Immunostimulant for adjunctive treatment of dermatologic conditions (e.g., pododermatitis, papillomas, digital keratomas) · 1000 Units · PO · once daily · Given as 1000 Unit/mL solution
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) - low dose oral therapy is contraindicated
- Preexisting autoimmune disease
- Severe cardiac disease
- Severe pulmonary disease
- 'Brittle' diabetes
- CNS disorders
- Known hypersensitivity to the drug
不良反應
- Malaise
- Fever
- Allergic reactions
- Myelotoxicity (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Myalgia
- Neutralizing antibody formation (in cats, leading to loss of efficacy)
- Hepatotoxicity (reported in humans)
- Neurotoxicity (reported in humans)
- Flu-like syndrome (reported in humans)
藥物相互作用
- Acyclovir · Additive or synergistic antiviral effects may occur.
- Zidovudine (AZT) · Additive or synergistic antiviral effects may occur.
- Vidarabine · Increased toxicities may occur without synergistic antiviral effects.
監測
- Clinical efficacy and symptom resolution
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) if used parenterally (monitor for myelotoxicity)
- Body temperature (monitor for fever)
過量
No specific information is available regarding acute toxicity or overdosage. Dosages should be determined and calculated carefully.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。