高嶺土
**高嶺土 (Kaolin)** 是一種吸附性止瀉劑，用於治療犬貓的非特異性腹瀉。雖然它能藉由結合胃腸道中的水分與潛在毒素來改善糞便的成形度，但它並不能解決腹瀉的根本原因。 > **臨床警告：研究並未顯示高嶺土能糾正體液平衡或縮短病程。** 因此，它絕對不能取代脫水病患所需的適當輸液治療。 **臨床提示：** 高嶺土常與果膠、益生菌或其他吸附劑（如鉍鹽和氫氧化鋁）製成複方產品，以增強其舒緩胃腸道的效果。
作用機制: Kaolin acts locally within the gastrointestinal tract as an **adsorbent**. * It binds to water, toxins, and potentially enteropathogenic bacteria, preventing their systemic absorption and reducing fluid loss in the stool. * It may also possess a mild **antisecretory effect**. * Kaolin is not absorbed systemically → Excreted unchanged in the feces.
各物種劑量
- Treatment of diarrhoea of non-specific origin · 0.5-1.0 ml/kg · PO · divided into 3-4 doses daily · Until stool consistency improves · Dose is given as a total daily dose, which may be divided 3-4 times daily.
- Treatment of diarrhoea of non-specific origin · 0.5-1.0 ml/kg · PO · divided into 3-4 doses daily · Until stool consistency improves · Dose is given as a total daily dose, which may be divided 3-4 times daily.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Intestinal obstruction
- Intestinal perforation
不良反應
- Constipation (especially with prolonged use or high doses)
- Fecal impaction (rare)
藥物相互作用
- Lincomycin · Decreased gastrointestinal absorption of lincomycin · moderate
- Trimethoprim · Decreased gastrointestinal absorption of trimethoprim · moderate
- Sulphonamides · Decreased gastrointestinal absorption of sulphonamides · moderate
監測
- Fecal consistency and frequency
- Hydration status
- Signs of constipation or straining to defecate
過量
Overdose is unlikely to cause systemic toxicity since kaolin is not absorbed. However, excessive administration may lead to severe **constipation** or **bowel impaction**. Treatment is supportive, including discontinuation of the drug, hydration, and potentially mild laxatives if impaction occurs.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。