高嶺土
Kaolin
Hydrated aluminum silicate
別名: Kaogel VP · Prokolin · Kaolin Light · Bolus alba · China clay
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of diarrhoea of non-specific origin | 0.5-1.0 ml/kg | PO | divided into 3-4 doses daily | Until stool consistency improves | 🌍 EU |
- Treatment of diarrhoea of non-specific origin: Dose is given as a total daily dose, which may be divided 3-4 times daily.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of diarrhoea of non-specific origin | 0.5-1.0 ml/kg | PO | divided into 3-4 doses daily | Until stool consistency improves | 🌍 EU |
- Treatment of diarrhoea of non-specific origin: Dose is given as a total daily dose, which may be divided 3-4 times daily.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
高嶺土 (Kaolin) 是一種吸附性止瀉劑，用於治療犬貓的非特異性腹瀉。雖然它能藉由結合胃腸道中的水分與潛在毒素來改善糞便的成形度，但它並不能解決腹瀉的根本原因。
臨床警告：研究並未顯示高嶺土能糾正體液平衡或縮短病程。 因此，它絕對不能取代脫水病患所需的適當輸液治療。
臨床提示： 高嶺土常與果膠、益生菌或其他吸附劑（如鉍鹽和氫氧化鋁）製成複方產品，以增強其舒緩胃腸道的效果。
作用機制
Kaolin acts locally within the gastrointestinal tract as an adsorbent.
- It binds to water, toxins, and potentially enteropathogenic bacteria, preventing their systemic absorption and reducing fluid loss in the stool.
- It may also possess a mild antisecretory effect.
- Kaolin is not absorbed systemically → Excreted unchanged in the feces.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Intestinal obstruction
- Intestinal perforation
不良反應
- Constipation (especially with prolonged use or high doses)
- Fecal impaction (rare)
注意事項
Normal handling precautions should be observed.
Hydration Status: Does not correct fluid balance. Ensure the patient is adequately hydrated and consider concurrent fluid therapy if clinical signs of dehydration are present. Drug Spacing: Because of its adsorbent properties, kaolin should be administered at least 2 hours apart from other oral medications to prevent decreased absorption.
藥物相互作用
Decreased gastrointestinal absorption of lincomycin
Decreased gastrointestinal absorption of trimethoprim
Decreased gastrointestinal absorption of sulphonamides
監測
- Fecal consistency and frequency
- Hydration status
- Signs of constipation or straining to defecate
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Not absorbed systemically from the gastrointestinal tract.
分佈
Remains entirely within the gastrointestinal lumen.
代謝
Not metabolized.
排除
Excreted unchanged in the feces.
過量
Overdose is unlikely to cause systemic toxicity since kaolin is not absorbed. However, excessive administration may lead to severe constipation or bowel impaction. Treatment is supportive, including discontinuation of the drug, hydration, and potentially mild laxatives if impaction occurs.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral aqueous suspension (0.99 g Kaolin Light per 5 ml)
- Combination oral pastes/suspensions (with pectin, magnesium trisilicate, aluminium hydroxide, bismuth salts, calcium carbonate)
獸醫用
- Kaogel VP (0.99 g/5 ml oral suspension)
- Prokolin (combination paste)
人用標示
- Kaopectate (historical formulations, note: modern human Kaopectate in some regions contains bismuth subsalicylate instead of kaolin)
各地核准狀態
Available OTC in various formulations.
AVM-GSL (Authorised Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List)
AVM-GSL (General sale)
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature in a tightly closed container. Protect from freezing. Shake well before use.
飼主須知
高嶺土用於幫助改善寵物輕微腹瀉時的糞便成形度。
- 保持水分：此藥物無法補充流失的體液，請確保寵物有充足的飲水。
- 給藥方式：量取劑量前請將藥液充分搖勻。
- 用藥間隔：請與其他口服藥物間隔至少2小時給予，因為它可能會吸附其他藥物並阻礙其正常吸收。
- 何時聯繫獸醫：如果腹瀉持續超過48小時、糞便帶血，或寵物出現嗜睡、拒食或嘔吐等症狀，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
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