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高嶺土/果膠

Kaolin/Pectin

Hydrated aluminum silicate / Polygalacturonic acid polymer

胃腸道吸附劑 / 保護劑PO狗貓小型哺乳類雪貂鳥馬牛豬羊

別名: Kaopectolin · Kao-Pect · Kaolin Pectin Suspension · Kapectolin · bolus alba · E559 · weisser ton · Childrens Diarrhoea Mixture · Entrocalm · Kao-Pront · Kaogel

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

經審核的 v13 劑量證據

結構化劑量計算證據

Diarrhea and loose stools (extra-label)

1–2 ml/kgPO
  • q6-8h

NA

必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (3)
  • NOTE: Evidence to support the efficacy of kaolin/pectin is weak.
  • All dosages are anecdotal and extra-label as no products have undergone the FDA approval process for use in animals.
  • Store kaolin/pectin in airtight containers at room temperature between 15°C and 30°C (59°F-86°F); protect from freezing. Shake well before using.
formulary方案年份 2023審核 dose-audit-plumb-v13

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

高嶺土/果膠是一種口服胃腸道複方製劑，歷史上被用作止瀉劑和吸附劑。

  • ​高嶺土 (Kaolin)​ 是一種天然存在的水合矽酸鋁，經粉碎和精製而成，幾乎不溶於水。
  • ​果膠 (Pectin)​ 是一種主要由部分甲氧基化聚半乳糖醛酸組成的碳水化合物聚合物，提取自柑橘皮或蘋果渣。

​臨床要點與專家提示：​

​療效警告：​ 高嶺土/果膠的臨床療效備受質疑。雖然它可能會改善糞便的稠度（使其不那麼水狀），但研究表明它並不能減少排便頻率、水分含量或整體重量。在現代獸醫學中，它在治療嚴重腹瀉方面已基本被淘汰。 ​毒性警報：​ 許多以前含有高嶺土/果膠的人用非處方產品（例如 ​Kaopectate®​）已經更改配方。在美國，Kaopectate® 現在含有​次水楊酸鉍 (bismuth subsalicylate)​，這是一種水楊酸鹽（類似阿斯匹靈）化合物，對貓具有高度毒性。在給藥前，務必確認非處方止瀉液的活性成分。

作用機制

Kaolin/pectin acts locally within the gastrointestinal tract through physical binding and coating mechanisms:

  • ​Adsorption:​ Kaolin physically binds (adsorbs) to bacteria, enterotoxins, and potentially other noxious substances in the gut lumen, preventing their systemic absorption or local mucosal damage.
  • ​Mucosal Protection:​ The viscous suspension coats the inflamed gastrointestinal mucosa, providing a physical barrier against irritation.
  • ​pH Alteration:​ The pectin component is broken down into galacturonic acid in the intestinal lumen → decreases the local pH, which may create a less favorable environment for certain pathogenic bacteria.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Should not be used as the sole treatment for severe or chronic diarrhea
  • Should not replace adequate fluid and electrolyte monitoring/replacement therapy

不良反應

  • Transient constipation
  • Fecal impaction (especially at high doses or in debilitated, very old, or very young patients)
  • Increased fecal sodium loss (documented in rats)

注意事項

There are no absolute contraindications, but kaolin/pectin must not be relied upon to control severe diarrheas. It is not a substitute for appropriate fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy. Use with caution in debilitated, very young, or geriatric patients due to the risk of fecal impaction. Verify product ingredients, as many human brands (e.g., Kaopectate) have replaced kaolin/pectin with bismuth subsalicylate, which is toxic to cats.

藥物相互作用

Digoxin

Kaolin/pectin may impair the oral absorption of digoxin. Separate doses by at least 2 hours.

Lincomycin

Kaolin/pectin may inhibit the oral absorption of lincomycin. Administer kaolin/pectin at least 2 hours before or 3-4 hours after the lincomycin dose.

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of diarrhea, improvement in stool consistency)
  • Fluid and electrolyte status (especially in cases of severe or prolonged diarrhea)

藥物動力學

吸收

Neither kaolin nor pectin are absorbed systemically after oral administration. They act locally within the gastrointestinal lumen.

分佈

Remains in the gastrointestinal tract.

代謝

Up to 90% of the administered pectin may be decomposed in the gut.

排除

Excreted in the feces.

過量

Overdosage is unlikely to cause any serious systemic effects since the ingredients are not absorbed. However, significant constipation or fecal impaction requiring medical treatment may occur.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral suspension

獸醫用

  • Kaolin Pectin 90 gr kaolin/2 grams pectin per fluid oz. (generic, Bimeda, Durvet)
  • Kaolin Pectin Plus® (AgriPharm)
  • Kao-Pec® (AgriLabs)
  • Kao-Pect® (Phoenix Pharmaceutical)
  • Kaopectolin (Aspen, Butler)
  • Kaolin Pectin Suspension 90 grams kaolin/4 grams pectin per fl oz. (Vedco)

人用標示

  • Kaolin, Pectin Antidiarrheal Suspension: 90 grams kaolin, 2 grams pectin/30 mL
  • Kapectolin (various)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store in airtight containers and protect from freezing. Physically incompatible when mixed with alkalis, heavy metals, salicylic acid, tannic acid, or strong alcohol.

飼主須知

  • ​使用前請充分搖勻​，以確保懸浮液混合均勻。
  • ​切勿使用人用藥物替代：​ 未經獸醫同意，切勿將人用非處方止瀉藥（如現代的 Kaopectate 或 Pepto-Bismol）給寵物服用，尤其是貓。這些藥物現在多含有次水楊酸鉍，對貓具有高度毒性。
  • ​觀察您的寵物：​ 此藥物可能有助於使糞便成形，但無法治癒導致腹瀉的根本原因。
  • ​何時應聯繫獸醫：​ 如果腹瀉持續超過 48 小時，或者您的寵物出現精神不振、嗜睡、發高燒或脫水跡象，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。

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