拉米夫定
Lamivudine
2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine
別名: Epivir · Zeffix · 3TC · Lamivudinum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of FIV-positive cats | 25 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Treatment of FIV-positive cats: May be combined with zidovudine for enhanced efficacy.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
拉米夫定 (Lamivudine)(又稱 3TC)是一種抗病毒藥物,在獸醫學中主要用於控制貓免疫缺陷病毒 (FIV)。對於無臨床症狀的貓,它可能會延緩臨床期的發作。對於有症狀的貓,常作為聯合療法的一部分以促進康復。
臨床警告: 拉米夫定可能引起骨髓抑制;必須定期進行血液學監測。
臨床珍珠: 將拉米夫定與齊多夫定 (Zidovudine) 併用,在降低病毒載量和改善 CD4/CD8 比例方面,比單獨使用齊多夫定更有效。
作用機制
Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). It acts as an analogue of cytidine. Once phosphorylated to its active triphosphate form intracellularly, it competes with natural substrates and incorporates into viral DNA. This causes chain termination → inhibits the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme → prevents viral replication.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Anaemia
- Pre-existing severe bone marrow suppression
不良反應
- Cytopenias (predicted)
- Anaemia
- Leukopenia
注意事項
Haematological monitoring is recommended due to the predictable risk of cytopenias.
Normal precautions should be observed for safety and handling of antiviral medications.
藥物相互作用
Synergistic therapeutic effect; more effective at reducing viral load and increasing CD4/CD8 ratios than zidovudine alone.
監測
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) regularly to monitor for cytopenias
- CD4/CD8 ratios
- Viral load
藥物動力學
吸收
Well absorbed orally in most mammalian species.
分佈
Distributes widely into total body fluid; penetrates the blood-brain barrier.
代謝
Undergoes minimal hepatic metabolism.
排除
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine.
過量
Information on overdosage in veterinary species is limited. Overdose is likely to exacerbate hematological toxicities such as severe cytopenias (anemia, leukopenia). Treatment should be supportive and symptomatic.
可用產品
劑型
- 10 mg/ml oral solution
- 100 mg tablets
人用標示
- Epivir 10 mg/ml oral solution
- Epivir 100 mg tablets
- Zeffix 100 mg tablets
各地核准狀態
POM (Prescription Only Medicine). Human formulations used off-label under the cascade.
POM (Prescription Only Medicine). Human formulations used off-label under the cascade.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature (15-30°C), protected from moisture and light. Keep oral solutions tightly closed.
飼主須知
拉米夫定用於幫助控制貓的 FIV(貓愛滋病)。它無法治癒該病,但能幫助降低體內的病毒量並支持免疫系統。
- 嚴格按醫囑給藥:請勿漏服,否則可能導致病毒產生抗藥性。
- 觀察副作用:注意貧血或白血球低下的跡象,如極度疲倦、牙齦蒼白或不明原因的感染。若發現這些情況請聯繫獸醫。
- 定期回診:獸醫需要定期進行血液檢查,以確保藥物未對貓咪的骨髓造成不良影響。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。
