拉米夫定
**拉米夫定 (Lamivudine)**（又稱 **3TC**）是一種抗病毒藥物，在獸醫學中主要用於控制**貓免疫缺陷病毒 (FIV)**。對於無臨床症狀的貓，它可能會延緩臨床期的發作。對於有症狀的貓，常作為聯合療法的一部分以促進康復。 > **臨床警告：** 拉米夫定可能引起骨髓抑制；必須定期進行血液學監測。 **臨床珍珠：** 將拉米夫定與齊多夫定 (Zidovudine) 併用，在降低病毒載量和改善 CD4/CD8 比例方面，比單獨使用齊多夫定更有效。
作用機制: Lamivudine is a **nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)**. It acts as an analogue of cytidine. Once phosphorylated to its active triphosphate form intracellularly, it competes with natural substrates and incorporates into viral DNA. This causes **chain termination** → inhibits the **viral reverse transcriptase** enzyme → prevents viral replication.
各物種劑量
- Treatment of FIV-positive cats · 25 mg/kg · PO · q12h · May be combined with zidovudine for enhanced efficacy.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Anaemia
- Pre-existing severe bone marrow suppression
不良反應
- Cytopenias (predicted)
- Anaemia
- Leukopenia
藥物相互作用
- Zidovudine · Synergistic therapeutic effect; more effective at reducing viral load and increasing CD4/CD8 ratios than zidovudine alone.
監測
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) regularly to monitor for cytopenias
- CD4/CD8 ratios
- Viral load
過量
Information on overdosage in veterinary species is limited. Overdose is likely to exacerbate hematological toxicities such as **severe cytopenias** (anemia, leukopenia). Treatment should be supportive and symptomatic.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。