拉坦前列素
**拉坦前列素 (Latanoprost)** 是一種局部眼科前列腺素類似物，主要用於治療**犬原發性青光眼**以及急性原發性青光眼的緊急處置。通常與其他局部抗青光眼藥物（如碳酸酐酶抑制劑）合併使用。 > **臨床警告：** 禁忌用於葡萄膜炎和晶狀體前脫位。避免用於懷孕動物。 **臨床提示：** 儘管禁忌用於晶狀體前脫位，但可能對晶狀體半脫位和後脫位的處理有幫助。拉坦前列素的活性與曲伏前列素 (travoprost) 相當。在貓的療效具個體差異；研究顯示它能急性降低原發性青光眼貓的眼壓，但長期使用的適用性與療效尚不清楚。
作用機制: Acts as an agonist for receptors specific for **prostaglandin F**. **Prostaglandin F receptor activation** → increases uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor → significantly reduces **intraocular pressure (IOP)**.
各物種劑量
- Primary glaucoma / Acute primary glaucoma · 1 drop per eye · Topical · once daily (evening), or q8-12h · Often used in conjunction with other topical antiglaucoma drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
- Primary glaucoma · Detailed information not available · Topical · Unknown · Efficacy is variable; shown to reduce IOP acutely but suitability for long-term use is unknown.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Uveitis
- Anterior lens luxation
- Pregnancy
不良反應
- Miosis (in dogs and cats)
- Blood-aqueous barrier disruption
- Conjunctival hyperaemia
- Mild ocular irritation
藥物相互作用
- Thiomersal-containing preparations · Incompatible; do not use in conjunction · major
監測
- Intraocular pressure (IOP)
- Pupil diameter (monitor for miosis)
- Signs of uveitis or blood-aqueous barrier disruption
- Conjunctival hyperaemia
過量
No specific overdosage information is provided in the monograph. Overdosage of topical ophthalmic drops may lead to increased severity of local adverse effects such as **conjunctival hyperemia**, **miosis**, and **ocular irritation**. If accidental oral ingestion occurs, systemic toxicity is generally low due to rapid first-pass metabolism, but veterinary advice should be sought.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。