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脂肪乳劑

Lipid Emulsion

Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE)

營養補充劑 / 解毒劑IV狗貓

別名: Intralipid · ClinOleic · Lipofundin · Omegaven · ILE · Intravenous Lipid Emulsion · Lipid Rescue

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

Supply 30% (partial peripheral) to 40-60% of energy requirementsIV· continuous· As required

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Parenteral nutritionSupply 30% (partial peripheral) to 40-60% of energy requirementsIVcontinuousAs required🌍 EU
Treatment of lipid-soluble toxicosis (e.g., ivermectin, moxidectin)1.5-5 ml/kg of 20% lipid solution as bolus, followed by 0.25-0.50 ml/kg/min infusion. Boluses of 1.5 ml/kg can be repeated.IVbolus followed by continuous infusionInfusion for 30-60 min (maximum 24 hours)🌍 EU
  • Parenteral nutrition: Amount governed by physiological status
  • Treatment of lipid-soluble toxicosis (e.g., ivermectin, moxidectin): Infusions of 0.5 ml/kg/min can be administered for a maximum of 24 hours.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Parenteral nutritionSupply 40-60% of energy requirementsIVcontinuousAs required🌍 EU
Treatment of lipid-soluble toxicosis (e.g., ivermectin, moxidectin)1.5-5 ml/kg of 20% lipid solution as bolus, followed by 0.25-0.50 ml/kg/min infusion. Boluses of 1.5 ml/kg can be repeated.IVbolus followed by continuous infusionInfusion for 30-60 min (maximum 24 hours)🌍 EU
  • Parenteral nutrition: Generally used as an energy source in a nutrient admixture for infusion through central venous access (total parenteral nutrition).
  • Treatment of lipid-soluble toxicosis (e.g., ivermectin, moxidectin): Infusions of 0.5 ml/kg/min can be administered for a maximum of 24 hours.

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

靜脈注射脂肪乳劑 (ILE) 主要用於​腸胃外營養​，提供高密度的熱量與必需脂肪酸。在獸醫急診醫學中，越來越常被用作親脂性藥物中毒（如阿維菌素類、布比卡因等局部麻醉劑）的​解毒劑​。

​臨床警告：​ 對於有胰島素阻抗（如糖尿病）或有胰臟炎風險的病患，應極度謹慎使用。必須嚴格遵守無菌操作，因為乳劑極易滋生細菌。

​臨床小提示：​ 使用 ILE 治療中毒通常被稱為「脂肪救援 (Lipid Rescue)」療法。

作用機制

As a nutritional supplement, lipid emulsions provide triglycerides which are hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase into free fatty acids and glycerol, entering cellular metabolism via beta-oxidation to produce ATP.

As an antidote, the primary mechanism is the ​'lipid sink' theory​: the infusion creates an expanded intravascular lipid phase that sequesters highly lipophilic toxins (e.g., bupivacaine, ivermectin) away from target organs (brain, heart) → reducing clinical toxicity.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Insulin resistance (e.g., diabetes mellitus)
  • Hyperlipidaemia
  • Disrupted fat metabolism

不良反應

  • Febrile episodes (mainly with 20% emulsions)
  • Vasculitis
  • Thrombosis
  • Anaphylaxis (rare)
  • Hepatic failure (with prolonged treatment)
  • Pancreatitis (with prolonged treatment)
  • Cardiac arrest (with prolonged treatment)
  • Thrombocytopenia (with prolonged treatment)

注意事項

Do not use if separation of the emulsion occurs. Lines for IV parenteral feeding must be dedicated for that use alone. Daily checks are necessary to ensure complete clearance from the plasma. 20% and 30% lipid products have a higher rate of complications for nutritional use and are generally not recommended for standard parenteral nutrition.

藥物相互作用

Other IV medicationsMajor

Physical incompatibility; requires dedicated IV line for parenteral feeding

Biochemical assaysModerate

Lipaemia interferes with blood gas and calcium measurements if samples are taken before fat is cleared

監測

  • Plasma clearance (visual lipaemia or serum triglycerides daily)
  • Blood glucose
  • Pancreatic enzymes
  • Coagulation profile (if prolonged use)

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓Rapidly cleared, dependent on metabolic rate狗Rapidly cleared, dependent on metabolic rate

吸收

100% bioavailable via intravenous administration.

分佈

Confined to the plasma compartment initially, acting as a lipid sink for lipophilic drugs.

代謝

Metabolized via normal lipid pathways (lipoprotein lipase) into free fatty acids and glycerol.

排除

Cleared from plasma by cellular uptake and metabolism.

過量

Overdosage or failure to clear lipids can lead to fat overload syndrome, characterized by hyperlipidaemia, fever, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and coagulopathy. Treatment involves immediate cessation of the infusion and supportive care.

可用產品

劑型

  • Injectable: 10% solution (contains soya oil emulsion, glycerol, purified egg phospholipids, phosphate 15 mmol/l; 2 kcal/ml, 268 mOsm/l)
  • Injectable: 20% solution
  • Injectable: 30% solution

人用標示

  • ClinOleic
  • Intralipid
  • Ivelip
  • Lipidem
  • Lipofundin
  • Omegaven

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Human registered products used under the cascade.

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Human registered products used under the cascade (POM).

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store according to manufacturer instructions, typically at room temperature (do not freeze). Discard immediately if the emulsion separates or shows signs of contamination. Strict aseptic handling is required.

飼主須知

此藥物在醫院內以靜脈注射方式給予。主要用於當您的寵物無法正常進食或吸收營養時提供必需的營養，或作為挽救生命的緊急治療，將某些毒素從寵物體內排出。獸醫團隊會密切監測寵物的血液檢查，以確保其身體能正確代謝這些脂肪。

VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。