露芬隆
Lufenuron
Benzoylphenylurea derivative (CGA-184699)
別名: Program · Sentinel · CGA-184699
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of flea populations | See the label directions for Program with Capstar for using lufenuron with nitenpyram | PO | monthly | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy for dermatophytosis | 50-100 mg/kg PO once every 14 days for two treatments, then once a month until at least two negative fungal cultures are obtained | PO | q14d then monthly | Until at least two negative fungal cultures are obtained | 🌎 NA |
- Control of flea populations: Must be given with a full meal
- Adjunctive therapy for dermatophytosis: Efficacy is considered doubtful by modern standards
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of flea populations | See the label directions Program and Program with Capstar for using lufenuron with or without nitenpyram | PO | monthly | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy for dermatophytosis | 50-100 mg/kg PO once every 14 days for two treatments, then once a month until at least two negative fungal cultures are obtained | PO | q14d then monthly | Until at least two negative fungal cultures are obtained | 🌎 NA |
- Control of flea populations: Cats require a substantially higher oral dosage per kg than dogs for equivalent efficacy. Must be given with a full meal.
- Adjunctive therapy for dermatophytosis: Efficacy is considered doubtful by modern standards
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. cuniculi infections / Flea control | 30 mg/kg PO every month | PO | monthly | — | 🌎 NA |
- E. cuniculi infections / Flea control: Rabbits
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
露芬隆 (Lufenuron) 是一種昆蟲發育抑制劑 (IDI)，主要用於控制犬貓的跳蚤族群。它具有高度脂溶性，經口服或皮下注射後可產生全身性作用。
主要臨床重點：
- 跳蚤控制： 能有效打破跳蚤的生命週期，但無法殺死成蚤。通常與成蟲殺滅劑（如 nitenpyram、milbemycin）合併使用，以達到全面的寄生蟲控制。
- 滯後效應： 因為它僅影響蟲卵和蛻皮中的幼蟲，環境中的跳蚤族群通常需要 60-90 天的滯後期才會顯著減少。
- 其他用途： 過去曾被提議作為皮癬菌症（黴菌感染）及兔子微孢子蟲 (Encephalitozoon cuniculi) 的輔助療法，但現代獸醫學界認為其對這些適應症的療效極具爭議。
- 安全性： 由於哺乳動物體內不含幾丁質，因此對哺乳動物的安全性極高。
作用機制
Lufenuron acts by inhibiting chitin synthesis, polymerization, and deposition in insects.
- Mechanism: It is believed to cause nonspecific inhibition of chitin synthesis related to serine protease inhibition.
- Effect on Fleas: When an adult female flea feeds on a treated animal, she ingests lufenuron. The drug is deposited into her eggs, preventing the development of the exoskeleton and the "egg tooth" needed for hatching. → Eggs fail to hatch or larvae die during the molting process.
- Fungal/Parasitic Theory: The theoretical basis for its use against fungi and E. cuniculi is that these organisms also contain chitin in their cell walls, though clinical efficacy has not been proven.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- The cat-labeled injectable product should NOT be used in dogs (severe local reactions are possible)
不良反應
- Vomiting
- Lethargy or depression
- Pruritus or urticaria
- Diarrhea
- Dyspnea
- Anorexia
- Reddened skin
- Small lump at injection site (cats receiving injectable formulation)
注意事項
Administration Warning: Oral lufenuron must be given with or immediately after a full, fatty meal to ensure adequate absorption.
Species Warning: Do not use the 6-month feline injectable formulation in dogs due to the risk of severe local tissue reactions.
Expectation Management: Owners must be warned that lufenuron does not kill adult fleas. Untreated animals in the same environment will perpetuate the flea life cycle.
監測
- Efficacy (reduction in flea population over 60-90 days)
- Fungal cultures (if used for dermatophytosis)
藥物動力學
吸收
Approximately 40% of an oral dose is absorbed. Absorption is significantly enhanced when administered in conjunction with or immediately after (within 30 minutes) a full, fatty meal. Absorbed in the small intestine.
分佈
Highly lipophilic; stored in adipose tissue which acts as a depot reservoir to slowly redistribute the drug back into circulation. Concentrates in the milk of lactating animals (without ill effects to nursing offspring). After SC injection in cats, 2-3 weeks are required to attain effective blood concentrations.
代謝
The drug is apparently not metabolized.
排除
Excreted unchanged into the bile and eliminated in the feces. The unabsorbed oral fraction (approx 60%) is also eliminated in feces.
過量
Lufenuron has a very wide margin of safety. Growing puppies dosed at levels up to 30X the recommended dose for 10 months showed no overt effects on growth or viability. Cats receiving oral dosages up to 17X the recommended dose were apparently unaffected.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral suspension
- Oral tablets (Flavor Tabs)
- Injectable suspension (6-month duration, cats only)
- Combination tablets (with milbemycin oxime and/or nitenpyram)
獸醫用
- Lufenuron Oral Suspension: 135 mg, 270 mg (Program Suspension)
- Lufenuron 6 Month Injectable for Cats: 100 mg/mL in 0.4 mL and 0.8 mL prefilled syringes (Program 6 Month Injectable)
- Lufenuron Oral Flavor Tabs: 45 mg, 90 mg, 204.9 mg, 409.8 mg (Program Flavor Tabs)
- Lufenuron and Nitenpyram Oral Tablets (Program Flavor Tabs and Capstar Flea Management System)
- Milbemycin/Lufenuron Oral Tablets with Nitenpyram (Sentinel Flavor Tabs with Capstar)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store tablets and suspension at room temperature (15-30°C). Intermittent exposure outside this range for less than 48 hours should not affect potency. Expiration dates after manufacture: Lufenuron tablets (4 years), suspension (3 years), Sentinel tablets (3 years). Opened pouches of the oral suspension should not be stored for the next dosing cycle.
飼主須知
給藥關鍵步驟： 您必須將此藥物與豐盛的一餐（最好含有一些脂肪）一起餵食。如果空腹服用，身體將無法正常吸收，藥物將失去效用。
- 作用原理： 此藥物就像跳蚤的「避孕藥」。它不會殺死目前在寵物身上跳躍的成蚤，但會阻止牠們的卵孵化。
- 需要耐心： 可能需要 2 到 3 個月的時間才能看到家中跳蚤數量完全減少。在此期間，您可能需要另一種藥物來殺死成蚤。
- 治療所有寵物： 家中所有的犬貓都必須進行跳蚤預防，否則跳蚤的生命週期將會持續。
- 忘記餵藥： 必須每 30 天使用一次以達到最大療效。如果忘記餵藥，請在想起來時盡快補餵，並恢復每月的給藥計畫。
- 嘔吐： 如果您的寵物在服藥後 2 小時內嘔吐，則需要重新給藥。
- 請勿將藥錠切半。
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