露芬隆
露芬隆 (Lufenuron) 是一種昆蟲發育抑制劑 (IDI)，主要用於控制犬貓的跳蚤族群。它具有高度脂溶性，經口服或皮下注射後可產生全身性作用。 **主要臨床重點：** - **跳蚤控制：** 能有效打破跳蚤的生命週期，但**無法殺死成蚤**。通常與成蟲殺滅劑（如 nitenpyram、milbemycin）合併使用，以達到全面的寄生蟲控制。 - **滯後效應：** 因為它僅影響蟲卵和蛻皮中的幼蟲，環境中的跳蚤族群通常需要 60-90 天的滯後期才會顯著減少。 - **其他用途：** 過去曾被提議作為皮癬菌症（黴菌感染）及兔子微孢子蟲 (*Encephalitozoon cuniculi*) 的輔助療法，但現代獸醫學界認為其對這些適應症的療效極具爭議。 - **安全性：** 由於哺乳動物體內不含幾丁質，因此對哺乳動物的安全性極高。
作用機制: Lufenuron acts by inhibiting **chitin synthesis, polymerization, and deposition** in insects. - **Mechanism:** It is believed to cause nonspecific inhibition of chitin synthesis related to **serine protease inhibition**. - **Effect on Fleas:** When an adult female flea feeds on a treated animal, she ingests lufenuron. The drug is deposited into her eggs, preventing the development of the exoskeleton and the "egg tooth" needed for hatching. → **Eggs fail to hatch** or larvae die during the molting process. - **Fungal/Parasitic Theory:** The theoretical basis for its use against fungi and *E. cuniculi* is that these organisms also contain chitin in their cell walls, though clinical efficacy has not been proven.
各物種劑量
- Control of flea populations · See the label directions Program and Program with Capstar for using lufenuron with or without nitenpyram · PO · monthly · Cats require a substantially higher oral dosage per kg than dogs for equivalent efficacy. Must be given with a full meal.
- Adjunctive therapy for dermatophytosis · 50-100 mg/kg PO once every 14 days for two treatments, then once a month until at least two negative fungal cultures are obtained · PO · q14d then monthly · Until at least two negative fungal cultures are obtained · Efficacy is considered doubtful by modern standards
- E. cuniculi infections / Flea control · 30 mg/kg PO every month · PO · monthly · Rabbits
- Control of flea populations · See the label directions for Program with Capstar for using lufenuron with nitenpyram · PO · monthly · Must be given with a full meal
- Adjunctive therapy for dermatophytosis · 50-100 mg/kg PO once every 14 days for two treatments, then once a month until at least two negative fungal cultures are obtained · PO · q14d then monthly · Until at least two negative fungal cultures are obtained · Efficacy is considered doubtful by modern standards
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- The cat-labeled injectable product should NOT be used in dogs (severe local reactions are possible)
不良反應
- Vomiting
- Lethargy or depression
- Pruritus or urticaria
- Diarrhea
- Dyspnea
- Anorexia
- Reddened skin
- Small lump at injection site (cats receiving injectable formulation)
監測
- Efficacy (reduction in flea population over 60-90 days)
- Fungal cultures (if used for dermatophytosis)
過量
Lufenuron has a very wide margin of safety. Growing puppies dosed at levels up to 30X the recommended dose for 10 months showed no overt effects on growth or viability. Cats receiving oral dosages up to 17X the recommended dose were apparently unaffected.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。