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離胺酸

Lysine

L-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid

營養性胺基酸PO貓

別名: Viralys · Enisyl · Incremin · LLysine Powder-Pure · L-lysine · K · Lysine hydrochloride

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

500 mg PO twice daily for lifePO· q12h· for life
500 mg — 每隻動物的固定劑量（不按體重換算）

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
To prevent or reduce recurrent feline herpesvirus ocular infections500 mg PO twice daily for lifePOq12hfor life🌎 NA
To prevent or reduce recurrent feline herpesvirus ocular infections500 mg mixed with food dailyPOq24h—🌎 NA
To prevent or reduce recurrent feline herpesvirus ocular infections250 mg PO twice dailyPOq12h—🌎 NA
As adjunctive therapy for feline herpesvirus dermatologic infections250 mg PO twice dailyPOq12h—🌎 NA
As adjunctive therapy for feline herpesvirus dermatologic infections250 mg PO once to twice dailyPOq12h-q24h—🌎 NA
Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) infection management500 mgPOq12-24h—🌍 EU
Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) infection management250 mgPOq12-24h—🌍 EU
  • Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) infection management: Adults. Equivalent to 2 ml/2 pumps q12h.
  • Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) infection management: Kittens. Equivalent to 1 ml/1 pump q12h.

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

離胺酸是一種營養性胺基酸，傳統上被用於獸醫學中以抑制貓的​貓皰疹病毒-1 (FHV-1)​ 感染。

​臨床爭議​：儘管過去廣受歡迎，但近期嚴謹的研究對其療效提出了重大質疑。研究指出，補充離胺酸並不能預防或減少收容所貓咪上呼吸道感染的復發。在某些研究中，接受離胺酸的貓咪甚至出現疾病嚴重程度和 FHV-1 DNA 檢出率​增加​的情況。因此，許多獸醫眼科和傳染病專家已不再建議常規使用。

作用機制

Lysine is an amino acid that acts as a competitive antagonist to arginine during viral replication.

  • Mechanism: Herpesviruses require arginine to synthesize viral proteins and produce infective viral particles.
  • Pathway: Lysine competes with arginine → Lysine is erroneously incorporated into the viral structure instead of arginine → The resulting viral particles are defective and less infective.

​Note: The clinical failure of this mechanism in cats may be due to the feline's strict dietary requirement for arginine; artificially lowering arginine activity via lysine supplementation can have detrimental systemic effects.​

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • No specific contraindications noted
  • Preparations containing propylene glycol (toxic to cats)

不良反應

  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea (mild, reversible)

注意事項

There are no specific contraindications, but caution is advised regarding its clinical utility. Recent evidence suggests it may lack efficacy for FHV-1 and could potentially exacerbate upper respiratory disease in shelter environments. Safety in pregnant animals other than rats has not been established.

藥物相互作用

Arginine

May negate the anti-herpesvirus effects of lysine

Calcium (oral)

Concomitant use may increase calcium absorption from the gut and decrease calcium loss in the urine

監測

  • Clinical signs of herpesvirus infection (ocular and respiratory symptoms)
  • Clinical signs of FHV-1 (ocular and respiratory signs)
  • Gastrointestinal tolerance (monitoring for diarrhoea)

過量

Significant toxicity is highly unlikely.

  • Clinical Signs: Mild gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur with massive ingestions.
  • Management: Supportive care as needed; usually self-limiting.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral gel
  • Oral powder
  • Oral tablets
  • Oral capsules
  • 250 mg/ml oral paste
  • 250 mg oral capsule
  • 500 mg oral capsule

獸醫用

  • Viralys Gel: 250 mg per 1.25 mL
  • Viralys Powder: 250 mg per rounded scoop
  • LLysine Powder-Pure Feed Additive (for horses)
  • Enisyl 250 mg/ml oral paste (100 ml bottle)
  • 250 mg capsules
  • 500 mg capsules

人用標示

  • Enisyl Tablets & Capsules: 312 mg, 334 mg, 500 mg & 1000 mg
  • Various generic OTC tablets and capsules (250 mg to 1000 mg)

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准EMA
🐈 Cats

General sale.

United Kingdom✓ 已核准VMD
🐈 Cats

General sale.

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Unless otherwise specified on the label, lysine should be stored at room temperature in tight containers.

飼主須知

餵食技巧

  • 最簡單的餵食方式是​將錠劑壓碎或打開膠囊​，將粉末直接混入貓咪的濕食中。
  • 與食物一起服用時，極少會引起腸胃不適。

預期效果

  • 離胺酸​無法治癒​皰疹病毒感染。如果有效，它只能透過減輕發作的嚴重程度和頻率來幫助控制病情。
  • 可能需要​終身治療​來控制慢性感染。

​重要警告​：如果您購買的是人類用的非處方液體產品，​請避免使用含有丙二醇 (propylene glycol) 的產品​，因為這對貓咪有毒。

VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。