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硫酸鎂 (愛普森鹽)

Magnesium Sulfate

Magnesium sulfate

電解質 / 抗驚厥藥 / 瀉藥 / 抗心律不整藥IVIMPOTopical

別名: Epsom Salts · Magnesium sulphate injection BP · MgSO4

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

各物種劑量

此藥的劑量資料尚未收錄於 VetSheet 藥典，以下其他章節資料完整。處方前請參閱最新藥品說明書。

概覽

​硫酸鎂​（通常稱為​愛普森鹽​）在獸醫學中具有多種用途，可用於全身性或局部性疾病。

  • ​全身性用途：​ 靜脈注射用於治療低鎂血症、處理危及生命的心律不整（如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速），並在特定中毒或疾病中作為肌肉鬆弛劑或抗驚厥藥。
  • ​胃腸道用途：​ 口服時，它作為一種強效的滲透性瀉藥，有助於清理腸道。
  • ​局部用途：​ 經常作為高滲透壓浸泡液或敷藥，用於引流局部感染、舒緩肌肉痠痛或治療大型動物的蹄部膿腫。

​臨床要點：​ 雖然非常有效，但全身性給藥需要仔細監測心血管和呼吸狀態，因為高劑量有引起嚴重中樞神經系統和呼吸抑制的風險。

作用機制

Magnesium is a critical intracellular cation and a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions.

  • ​Neuromuscular & CNS:​ Magnesium competes with calcium at the motor endplate, decreasing acetylcholine release and reducing motor nerve impulse transmission, leading to muscle relaxation and CNS depression.
  • ​Cardiovascular:​ Acts as a physiological calcium channel blocker, slowing sinoatrial node impulse formation and prolonging conduction time → antiarrhythmic effect.
  • ​Gastrointestinal:​ Poorly absorbed in the GI tract, it creates an osmotic gradient that draws water into the intestinal lumen → osmotic cathartic effect.
  • ​Topical:​ Creates a hypertonic environment that draws out fluid and exudate from localized swellings or abscesses.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Renal failure or severe renal impairment
  • Heart block or significant myocardial damage
  • Myasthenia gravis (can exacerbate weakness)

不良反應

  • Hypermagnesemia
  • Muscle weakness
  • Respiratory depression
  • Hypotension
  • Cardiac arrhythmias or heart block
  • Diarrhea (with oral administration)
  • Somnolence
  • CNS depression
  • Coma
  • Muscular weakness
  • Bradycardia
  • Prolonged Q-T intervals
  • Neuromuscular blockade
  • Cardiac arrest

注意事項

Use with extreme caution in patients with impaired renal function, as magnesium is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Monitor ECG, respiratory rate, and deep tendon reflexes during intravenous administration. Have intravenous calcium (e.g., calcium gluconate) readily available as an antidote for magnesium toxicity.

藥物相互作用

Neuromuscular blocking agents

Potentiates neuromuscular blockade

CNS depressants

Additive CNS depression

Calcium channel blockers

Risk of profound hypotension and cardiovascular collapse

BarbituratesModerate

Additive CNS depression effects

General anaestheticsModerate

Additive CNS depression effects

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agentsMajor

Risk of severe neuromuscular blockage

Digitalis glycosidesMajor

Serious conduction disturbances can occur

監測

  • Serum magnesium concentrations
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • Respiratory rate and depth
  • Deep tendon reflexes (e.g., patellar reflex)
  • Renal function (BUN, creatinine)
  • Blood pressure
  • Serum magnesium levels
  • ECG (for Q-T interval and heart rate)
  • Respiratory rate and effort

藥物動力學

吸收

Poorly absorbed from the intact gastrointestinal tract (acts locally as an osmotic laxative). Rapidly and completely available following intravenous administration.

分佈

Widely distributed throughout the body; approximately 30% is bound to plasma proteins. Crosses the placenta and is excreted in milk.

代謝

Not metabolized; exists in the body as the magnesium ion (Mg2+).

排除

Excreted primarily by the kidneys. The rate of excretion is proportional to the serum concentration and glomerular filtration rate.

過量

Signs of hypermagnesemia (magnesium toxicity) include loss of deep tendon reflexes, severe muscle weakness, hypotension, respiratory depression, heart block, and potentially cardiac arrest.

​Treatment:​ Discontinue administration immediately. Administer intravenous calcium (e.g., calcium gluconate 10%) slowly to antagonize the cardiovascular and neuromuscular effects. Provide respiratory support (intubation and ventilation) and fluid therapy as needed.

可用產品

劑型

  • Injectable solution (e.g., 500 mg/mL)
  • Oral powder/granules
  • Topical paste/gel
  • Crystals for solution (Epsom salts)
  • Injectable: 25% w/v solution (1 mEq Mg/ml)
  • Injectable: 50% w/v solution (2 mEq Mg/ml)

獸醫用

  • Magnesium sulfate injectable solutions
  • Magnesium sulfate oral powders/pastes
  • Epsom salt poultices (equine)
  • Magnesium sulphate injection BP (Vet) 25% w/v

人用標示

  • Magnesium sulfate injection (e.g., 50%)
  • Epsom salt crystals (OTC)

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-VPS, POM

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-VPS, POM

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at room temperature (15-30°C). Protect injectable solutions from freezing. Keep oral powders and crystals in tightly closed containers to protect from moisture.

飼主須知

​硫酸鎂​（愛普森鹽）常在家中用於浸泡寵物痠痛的爪子或治療輕微的局部腫脹。

  • ​局部浸泡：​ 將建議的量溶解在溫水中。​絕對不要讓您的寵物飲用浸泡水​，因為這會導致嚴重的腹瀉和潛在的電解質失衡。
  • ​口服用途：​ 如果作為瀉藥開立，請預期您的寵物會有軟便。確保牠們隨時有乾淨的飲用水以防止脫水。
  • ​何時聯繫獸醫：​ 如果您的寵物變得極度嗜睡、虛弱、呼吸困難或倒下，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。

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