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馬波沙星

Marbofloxacin

Ro 9-1168

氟喹諾酮類抗生素POIVSCTopical狗貓爬蟲類

別名: Zeniquin · Marbocyl · Aurizon · Efex · Marbocare · Ro 9-1168 · Marbofloxacine · Marbofloxacinum · Marbofloxacino

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

WHO 極重要抗生素 — 請謹慎使用，避免不必要的處方
2.75-5.5 mg/kg PO once dailyPO· q24h· Give for 2-3 days beyond cessation of clinical signs (skin/soft tissue); at least 10 days (urinary tract). Max 30 days.
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
For susceptible infections (urinary tract, skin and soft tissue)2.75-5.5 mg/kg PO once dailyPOq24hGive for 2-3 days beyond cessation of clinical signs (skin/soft tissue); at least 10 days (urinary tract). Max 30 days.🌎 NA
For susceptible Pseudomonas otitis5.5 mg/kg PO once dailyPOq24h—🌎 NA
Susceptible bacterial infections2 mg/kgIV/SC/POq24hNot specified🌍 EU
Otitis externa10 drops per eartopicalsidNot specified🌍 EU
  • For susceptible infections (urinary tract, skin and soft tissue): If no improvement noted after 5 days, reevaluate diagnosis.
  • For susceptible Pseudomonas otitis: Dose at the high end of the flexible dosing label for severe/chronic cases or when topical therapy is not possible.
  • Susceptible bacterial infections: Higher doses should be considered for certain sites, including prostatitis, and for certain isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • Otitis externa: Using compound aural preparation.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
For susceptible infections (urinary tract, skin and soft tissue)2.75-5.5 mg/kg PO once dailyPOq24hGive for 2-3 days beyond cessation of clinical signs (skin/soft tissue); at least 10 days (urinary tract). Max 30 days.🌎 NA
First-line treatment for feline tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)2 mg/kg PO once dailyPOq24h—🌎 NA
For hemoplasmosis2.75 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h)POq24h—🌎 NA
Susceptible bacterial infections2 mg/kgIV/SC/POq24hNot specified🌍 EU
  • For susceptible infections (urinary tract, skin and soft tissue): If no improvement noted after 5 days, reevaluate diagnosis.
  • First-line treatment for feline tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM): Pending definitive diagnosis. Not effective against MAC infection.
  • Susceptible bacterial infections: Do not use 20 mg or 80 mg tablets. May allow clearance of Mycoplasma haemofelis in persistently infected cats.

爬蟲類

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible infections10 mg/kg PO at least every 48 hoursPOq48h—🌎 NA
  • Susceptible infections: Study done in Ball pythons (Python regius). Further studies required to determine effective doses and toxicity.

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

​馬波沙星 (Marbofloxacin)​ 是一種合成的廣效性​氟喹諾酮類抗生素​，主要用於獸醫學。它對革蘭氏陰性菌和革蘭氏陽性菌均表現出​濃度依賴性殺菌活性​及顯著的​抗生素後效應 (PAE)​。它在細菌複製的靜止期和生長期均具有活性。

  • ​抗菌譜​：對多種革蘭氏陰性桿菌和球菌（如綠膿桿菌、大腸桿菌、克雷伯氏菌、腸桿菌、變形桿菌、沙門氏菌）以及部分革蘭氏陽性菌（如葡萄球菌，包含產青黴素酶菌株）高度有效。
  • ​臨床要點​：與其他氟喹諾酮類藥物一樣，馬波沙星對大多數厭氧菌的活性較弱，對鏈球菌的療效不一或較差。不建議用於治療厭氧菌或鏈球菌感染。
  • ​抗藥性​：主要透過染色體突變產生（特別是在綠膿桿菌、克雷伯氏菌和腸球菌中）；質體介導的抗藥性極為罕見。

作用機制

Marbofloxacin exerts its bactericidal effect by targeting key bacterial enzymes involved in DNA replication and transcription:

  • Inhibits DNA-gyrase (topoisomerase II) → prevents DNA supercoiling.
  • Inhibits Topoisomerase IV → prevents separation of interlinked daughter DNA molecules.
  • Result: Disruption of DNA replication, transcription, and repair → rapid bacterial cell death (typically within 20-30 minutes of exposure).

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones
  • Small and medium breed dogs up to 8 months of age
  • Large breed dogs up to 12 months of age
  • Giant breed dogs up to 18 months of age
  • Cats under 12 months of age
  • Food-producing animals (FDA prohibited)
  • Cats (do not use 20 mg and 80 mg tablets)
  • Dogs < 12 months of age
  • Giant-breed dogs < 18 months of age
  • Cats < 16 weeks of age

不良反應

  • Gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, anorexia, soft stools, diarrhea)
  • Decreased activity/lethargy
  • Cartilage abnormalities in young, growing animals
  • Elevated hepatic enzymes (rare)
  • Ataxia, seizures, depression, nervousness (rare)
  • Hypersensitivity reactions (rare)
  • Crystalluria (rare)
  • Potential ocular toxicity/blindness in cats (rare/unproven, but reported)
  • Gastrointestinal signs (nausea, vomiting)
  • Potential CNS toxicity (seizures)
  • Cartilage abnormalities in growing animals
  • Potential retinal toxicity/blindness in cats (at high doses)

注意事項

Warning: Contraindicated in young, growing animals due to the risk of articular cartilage lesions (arthropathy).

  • Neurologic: Can rarely cause CNS stimulation; use with caution in patients with pre-existing seizure disorders.
  • Renal/Hepatic: Use cautiously in patients with severe hepatic or renal insufficiency.
  • Hydration: Ensure adequate hydration to minimize the risk of crystalluria.
  • Regulatory: The FDA strictly prohibits the extra-label use of fluoroquinolones in food-producing animals.

藥物相互作用

Antacids / Dairy Products

Cations (Mg++, Al+++, Ca++) may bind to marbofloxacin and prevent its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours

Antibiotics (aminoglycosides, 3rd-gen cephalosporins, extended-spectrum penicillins)

Unpredictable synergism may occur against some bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Cyclosporine

May exacerbate nephrotoxicity and reduce the metabolism of systemically used cyclosporine

Flunixin

May increase AUC and elimination half-life of the fluoroquinolone, and vice versa (extrapolated from enrofloxacin)

Glyburide

Severe hypoglycemia possible

Iron, Zinc (oral)

Decreased marbofloxacin absorption; separate doses by at least two hours

Methotrexate

Increased MTX levels possible with resultant toxicity

Nitrofurantoin

May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use not recommended

Phenytoin

Marbofloxacin may alter phenytoin levels

Probenecid

Blocks tubular secretion and may increase blood level and half-life of marbofloxacin

Quinidine

Increased risk for cardiotoxicity

SucralfateMajor

May inhibit absorption of marbofloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours

TheophyllineMajor

May increase theophylline blood levels (though less likely than with enrofloxacin)

Warfarin

Potential for increased warfarin effects

Antacids (Mg2+, Al3+)Major

Bind fluoroquinolones, preventing GI absorption

Zinc saltsModerate

Inhibits absorption (separate dosing by at least 2 hours)

CimetidineModerate

May reduce the clearance of fluoroquinolones

CiclosporinMajor

May decrease metabolism and increase nephrotoxicity

TacrolimusMajor

May decrease metabolism and increase nephrotoxicity

Oral anticoagulantsMajor

May increase anticoagulant action

NSAIDsMajor

May potentiate CNS adverse effects (seizures)

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
  • Adverse effects (GI distress, CNS signs)
  • Joint health/lameness in younger animals (if inadvertently used)
  • Clinical efficacy and resolution of infection
  • Culture and susceptibility results
  • Signs of gastrointestinal upset
  • Neurological signs (especially in patients with a history of seizures)
  • Vision changes or mydriasis in cats

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓~13 hours狗9-12 hours

吸收

Dogs: Rapidly absorbed after oral administration with 94% bioavailability; peak plasma levels in ~1.5 hours. Cats: Absorption is nearly complete; peak serum levels in 1-2 hours.

分佈

Dogs: Apparent volume of distribution is 1.2-1.9 L/kg. Protein binding is low.

代謝

Dogs: Only about 15% of a dose is metabolized in the liver.

排除

Dogs: Eliminated unchanged in the urine (40%) and bile/feces.

過量

Acute overdoses of marbofloxacin are unlikely to result in signs more serious than anorexia or vomiting, though other adverse effects (like CNS stimulation) could theoretically occur.

  • Chronic Toxicity: In safety studies, dogs receiving massive overdoses (55 mg/kg per day for 12 days) developed anorexia, vomiting, dehydration, tremors, red skin, facial swelling, lethargy, and weight loss.
  • Treatment: Management of overdose consists of drug withdrawal and symptomatic/supportive care. If ingestion was recent, gastrointestinal decontamination (emesis or activated charcoal) may be considered.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral tablets
  • Injectable: 200 mg powder for reconstitution (10 mg/ml)
  • Oral: 5 mg, 20 mg, 80 mg tablets
  • Topical: 3 mg/ml aural drops (compound with clotrimazole and dexamethasone)

獸醫用

  • Marbofloxacin Oral Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg (Zeniquin)
  • Actimarbo
  • Aurizon
  • Efex
  • Marbocare
  • Marbocyl
  • Marbodex
  • Marbotab
  • Marboxidin
  • Marfloquin
  • NorOtic
  • Quiflor
  • Softiflox
  • Ubiflox

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats🐄 Cattle pigs

POM-V classification.

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V classification.

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Marbofloxacin tablets should be stored below 30°C (86°F).

飼主須知

  • ​完成療程​：請嚴格按照獸醫師的處方給藥。即使寵物看起來已經康復，也不要提早停藥；過早停藥可能會導致細菌產生抗藥性。
  • ​給藥方式​：可與食物一起或空腹給予。如果發生嘔吐，請嘗試與少量零食或正餐一起餵食。
  • ​避免乳製品和補充劑​：請勿將此藥物與乳製品（起司、牛奶）、制酸劑或鐵/鋅補充劑同時給予。這些物質會與藥物結合並阻礙其吸收，請至少間隔 2 小時給藥。
  • ​注意副作用​：如果您發現寵物出現嚴重嘔吐、腹瀉、食慾不振或異常行為（如發抖、步態不穩或突然嗜睡），請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。

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