VetSheet

馬瓦考昔

Mavacoxib

4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide

非類固醇消炎止痛藥 (NSAID) - COX-2 選擇性抑制劑PO狗貓

別名: Trocoxil · mavacoxibum · PHA 739,521 · UNIIYFT7X7SR77

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

2 mg/kg PO given immediately before or with the dog's main meal. The treatment should be repeated 14 days later; thereafter the dosing interval is one month.PO· Day 1, Day 14, then monthly· A treatment cycle should not exceed 7 consecutive doses (6.5 months).
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Pain and inflammation associated with degenerative joint disease in dogs aged 12 months or more in cases where continuous treatment exceeding one month is indicated2 mg/kg PO given immediately before or with the dog's main meal. The treatment should be repeated 14 days later; thereafter the dosing interval is one month.PODay 1, Day 14, then monthlyA treatment cycle should not exceed 7 consecutive doses (6.5 months).🌎 NA
Pain and inflammation associated with degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis)2 mg/kgPOq14d for 2 doses, then q1monthMaximum of 7 doses total🌍 EU
  • Pain and inflammation associated with degenerative joint disease in dogs aged 12 months or more in cases where continuous treatment exceeding one month is indicated: Care should be taken to ensure that the tablet is ingested. THIS IS not a daily NSAID.
  • Pain and inflammation associated with degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis): Should be given immediately before or with the dog's main meal. Treatment can potentially be re-started after a 1-month break from dosing.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
AnyDo not usePON/AN/A🌍 EU
  • Any: Contraindicated in cats.

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概覽

馬瓦考昔 (Mavacoxib) 是一種非常獨特的超長效非類固醇消炎止痛藥 (NSAID)，屬於昔布類 (coxib)。與傳統的每日給藥不同，馬瓦考昔設計為每月給藥一次，非常適合飼主難以配合每日餵藥的病患。

​臨床要點：​ 由於其半衰期極長（平均 16-17 天），一旦發生不良反應，可能會在停藥後持續數週。因此，謹慎挑選適合的病患至關重要，通常保留用於慢性骨關節炎的管理，而非急性疼痛。

作用機制

Mavacoxib is a COX-2 selective inhibitor (coxib).

  • ​Arachidonic Acid Cascade:​ It selectively inhibits the ​cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)​ enzyme → decreases the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins (such as PGE2) → reduces pain, inflammation, and fever.
  • ​COX-1 Sparing:​ At therapeutic dosages, it relatively spares COX-1, the constitutive enzyme responsible for synthesizing prostaglandins that protect the gastric mucosa, support platelet function, and maintain normal renal blood flow. However, COX-selectivity is relative and can be lost at higher doses or in susceptible individuals.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Dogs less than 12 months of age
  • Dogs less than 5 kg body weight
  • Gastrointestinal disorders including ulceration and bleeding
  • Evidence of a hemorrhagic disorder
  • Impaired renal or hepatic function
  • Cardiac insufficiency
  • Hypersensitivity to mavacoxib, sulfonamides, or excipients
  • Pregnant, breeding, or lactating animals
  • Dehydrated, hypovolemic, or hypotensive animals
  • Dehydrated, hypovolaemic, or hypotensive patients
  • Gastrointestinal disease or ulceration
  • Blood clotting disorders
  • Liver disease (prolongs metabolism and causes accumulation)
  • Renal disease (requires careful evaluation, generally avoid)
  • Pregnant or lactating animals
  • Dogs < 12 months of age
  • Dogs < 5 kg body weight
  • Cats

不良反應

  • Inappetence
  • Diarrhea
  • Depression
  • Gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding
  • Vomiting and diarrhoea
  • Renal toxicity (especially if dehydrated or hypotensive)
  • Hepatic accumulation (in poor metabolizers)
  • Theoretical risk of precipitating cardiac failure

注意事項

Do not use concomitantly with glucocorticoids or other NSAIDs. Do not administer other NSAIDs within 1 month of the last administration of mavacoxib. Avoid use in any dehydrated, hypovolemic, or hypotensive animal, as there is a potential risk of increased renal toxicity. Concurrent administration of potentially nephrotoxic medicinal products should be avoided. Animals should not become dehydrated when receiving this or other NSAIDs.

藥物相互作用

ACE Inhibitors (e.g., enalapril, benazepril)

NSAIDs can reduce effects on blood pressure and potentially reduce renal blood flow, increasing the risk for renal injury.

Aspirin

May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity (ulceration, bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea). Long washout periods are warranted when switching.

Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone)

May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity (ulceration, bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea). Concurrent use is contraindicated.

Digoxin

NSAIDs may increase serum levels of digoxin.

Fluconazole

May increase plasma levels of mavacoxib (extrapolated from celecoxib data in humans).

Furosemide

NSAIDs may reduce saluretic and diuretic effects.

Methotrexate

Serious toxicity has occurred when NSAIDs have been used concomitantly; use together with extreme caution.

Nephrotoxic Drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, amphotericin B)

May enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity development.

Other NSAIDsMajor

May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity. Do not administer other NSAIDs within 1 month of the last administration of mavacoxib.

GlucocorticoidsMajor

Increased risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding.

AminoglycosidesMajor

Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.

Other nephrotoxic agentsMajor

Synergistic risk of acute kidney injury.

監測

  • Baseline and periodic CBC and serum chemistry (including BUN/serum creatinine, and liver function assessment)
  • Baseline history and physical
  • Efficacy of therapy
  • Adverse effect monitoring via client
  • Baseline and periodic renal function (BUN, Creatinine, SDMA, USG)
  • Baseline and periodic hepatic function (ALT, ALP, Bilirubin)
  • Clinical signs of GI ulceration (vomiting, melaena, anorexia)
  • Hydration status and blood pressure (especially during anaesthesia)

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓N/A狗16.6 days (range: 8-39 days)

吸收

Average bioavailability after oral dosing is about 46% when fasted, but nearly doubles (87%) when given with food. Peak levels occur in about 11 hours.

分佈

Apparent volume of distribution (steady-state) averaged 1.6 L/kg. Highly bound to canine plasma proteins (98%).

代謝

Primarily cleared by biliary excretion.

排除

Total body clearance is a very low 2.7 mL/hour/kg.

過量

In safety studies, repeated doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg did not demonstrate adverse events. At 15 mg/kg, vomiting, softened/mucoid feces, and decreased renal function were noted. Doses of 25 mg/kg caused GI ulceration, with one fatality from GI perforation and peritonitis.

  • ​Management:​ Manage as with other NSAID toxicity (emetics, activated charcoal, GI protectants, fluid diuresis).
  • ​Important:​ Because of the drug's very long duration of effect, prolonged monitoring and treatment may be required. Consulting a veterinary poison center is highly recommended.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral chewable tablets
  • 6 mg chewable tablet
  • 20 mg chewable tablet
  • 30 mg chewable tablet
  • 75 mg chewable tablet
  • 95 mg chewable tablet

獸醫用

  • Mavacoxib Oral Chewable Tablets: 6 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 75 mg, & 95 mg (Trocoxil)
  • Trocoxil 6 mg chewable tablets
  • Trocoxil 20 mg chewable tablets
  • Trocoxil 30 mg chewable tablets
  • Trocoxil 75 mg chewable tablets
  • Trocoxil 95 mg chewable tablets

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs

Authorized for use in dogs >= 12 months old.

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs

POM-V classification.

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store in the original packaging at room temperature out of reach of pets and children.

飼主須知

​極度重要：​ 這​不是​每天服用的藥物。請嚴格按照獸醫師指示的時程給藥（通常在第1天、第14天給藥後，改為嚴格的每月一次）。請勿自行增加劑量。

  • ​隨餐服用：​ 必須與狗狗一天中最大份量的一餐一起餵食。與食物一起服用能大幅提升藥物在胃部的吸收率。
  • ​注意副作用：​ 若觀察到食慾不振、嘔吐、血便或深色/柏油狀糞便、行為改變，或飲水/排尿習慣改變，請立即聯繫獸醫師。​注意：由於此藥物在體內停留時間很長，副作用可能會在最後一次給藥後的數週才出現。​
  • ​安全存放：​ 本咀嚼錠對狗狗具有極佳的適口性。請務必將其存放在所有寵物和兒童絕對無法觸及的地方，以防誤食過量。

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