美克洛嗪 / 敏克靜
Meclizine
Meclizine hydrochloride
別名: Antivert · Bonine · Dramamine Less Drowsy · Meni-D · Agyrax · Ancolan · Antrizine · Bonamine · Calmonal · Dizmiss · SeaLegs · meclozine hydrochloride · meclizinium chloride · meclozini hydrochloridum · parachloramine hydrochloride
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supportive treatment of peripheral vestibular disease | 25 mg per dog | PO | once daily | Treatment is usually unnecessary after 72-96 hours | 🌎 NA |
| Vestibular suppressant | 12.5-50 mg (total dose per dog) | PO | twice daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Anti-emetic | 4 mg/kg | PO | once a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Palliative treatment of vertigo | 25 mg per dog | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General/Vestibular | 12.5 mg per cat | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| General | 6.25 mg/5 kg of body weight | PO | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
| Anti-emetic | 4 mg/kg | PO | once a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Palliative treatment of vertigo | 12.5 mg per cat | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rolling, torticollis, motion sickness (Rabbits) | 2-12 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of torticollis, head tilt ('wry neck') (Rabbits) | 12.5 mg (total dose) | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
美克洛嗪 (Meclizine) 是一種第一代哌嗪類抗組織胺藥物，在獸醫學中主要用於其止吐和防暈車的特性。
- 臨床用途：它對於控制犬貓的周邊前庭疾病、眩暈和暈車特別有效。
- 其他特性：除了抗組織胺活性外，美克洛嗪還具有輕度的中樞神經抑制、解痙和局部麻醉作用。
- 安全性：通常耐受性良好，但由於其具有抗膽鹼能特性，在患有青光眼或尿瀦留等特定併發症的病患中需謹慎使用。
作用機制
Meclizine acts primarily as an antagonist at central H1-receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
- Vestibular Pathway: Blocks histaminergic and cholinergic signals originating from the vestibular apparatus → reduces stimulation of the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) and the vomiting center in the medulla.
- Anticholinergic Activity: Central muscarinic antagonism contributes significantly to its efficacy against motion sickness and vertigo.
- CNS Depression: Causes generalized CNS depression, which may aid in its antiemetic and sedative effects.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to meclizine
不良反應
- Sedation
- Dry mucous membranes
- Dry eyes
- Tachycardia
- Contradictory CNS stimulation
- Inappetence (especially in cats)
注意事項
Use with caution in patients with prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction, severe cardiac failure, angle-closure glaucoma, or pyeloduodenal obstruction. Because it is an antihistamine, it may affect the results of skin tests using allergen extracts; do not use within 3-7 days before testing. May potentially inhibit lactation due to anticholinergic activity.
藥物相互作用
Use with other CNS depressants may cause additive sedation
Other anticholinergic drugs may cause additive anticholinergic effects
監測
- Clinical efficacy (reduction in vomiting, motion sickness, or vestibular signs)
- Adverse effects (sedation, anticholinergic signs)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Very little information is available.
分佈
Very little information is available.
代謝
Metabolized in the liver.
過量
Moderate overdosage may result in drowsiness alternating with hyperexcitability.
Massive overdosages may result in:
- Profound CNS depression
- Hallucinations
- Seizures
- Severe anticholinergic effects (tachycardia, urinary retention, etc.)
Treatment:
- Consider gut emptying when patients present soon after ingestion.
- Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
Warning: Avoid respiratory depressant medications.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral Tablets
- Chewable Tablets
- Oral Capsules
獸醫用
- None
人用標示
- Meclizine HCl Oral Tablets: 12.5 mg, 25 mg (plain and chewable) & 50 mg (Antivert, Antrizine, Dramamine Less Drowsy Formula, Bonine, generic)
- Meclizine Oral Capsules: 25 mg (Meni-D)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Meclizine products should be stored at room temperature in well-closed containers.
飼主須知
時機很關鍵：若用於預防暈車，請在旅行前 30-60 分鐘給藥。
- 鎮靜作用：此藥物通常會導致嗜睡或鎮靜。如果您的寵物在旅行期間睡覺，請不要驚慌。
- 口乾：可能會引起黏膜乾燥。請確保您的寵物隨時有乾淨的飲水。
- 食慾：貓咪在服用此藥物期間偶爾可能會出現食慾不振的情況。
- 過敏測試：如果您的寵物安排了過敏原皮膚測試，請告知您的獸醫師，因為此藥物必須在測試前 3-7 天停用。
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