中鏈三酸甘油酯 (MCT油)
中鏈三酸甘油酯 (MCT) 是一種脂質補充劑，主要用於因小腸慢性浸潤性疾病或脂肪吸收不良症候群而需要限制脂肪攝取的犬隻，以提供熱量。在貓中，它有時被用作口服藥物的基底載體。
作用機制: MCTs bypass the traditional, complex lipid digestion and absorption pathways required by long-chain triglycerides (LCTs): **Triglycerides** → hydrolyzed by **gastric and pancreatic lipases** (requires significantly less bile acids than LCTs) → **Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs)** → absorbed directly into enterocytes → enter the **portal vein** directly (bypassing **chylomicron** formation and **lymphatic transport**) → rapid oxidation in the liver for immediate energy. Because they do not rely on the lymphatic system, they are ideal for patients with lymphatic obstruction or dilation (e.g., lymphangiectasia).
各物種劑量
- Base-vehicle to administer drugs · 0.1 mL/kg · PO · as needed · Owner-perceived acceptability by cats of MCT oil was significantly higher than gelatin capsules.
- To offset caloric reduction when long-chain triglycerides are restricted · ½-4 teaspoons divided per day with food · PO · divided daily
- To offset caloric reduction when long-chain triglycerides are restricted · 0.5-2 mL/kg per day added to food · PO · daily
- To offset caloric reduction when long-chain triglycerides are restricted · 1-2 mL/kg per day · PO · daily
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Significant hepatic disease (e.g., portosystemic shunts, cirrhosis, hepatic failure)
不良反應
- Unpalatability (especially in dogs)
- Bloating
- Flatulence
- Diarrhea
- Food aversion (rare in cats)
藥物相互作用
- Griseofulvin · MCT oil may decrease absorption, as griseofulvin requires long-chain dietary fats for optimal oral absorption.
- Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) · Absorption may be impaired if LCTs are completely replaced by MCTs; supplementation may be required.
監測
- Gastrointestinal tolerance (vomiting, bloating, flatulence, stool consistency)
- Efficacy (maintenance of body weight and body condition score)
- Signs of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with underlying liver disease
過量
Overdosage primarily exacerbates gastrointestinal adverse effects, leading to **bloating, flatulence, and severe diarrhea**. **Treatment:** * Discontinue or reduce the dose of MCT oil. * Treat severe diarrhea supportively (e.g., fluid therapy to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances) if necessary.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。