中鏈三酸甘油酯 (MCT油)
Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT Oil)
Triglycerida saturata media
別名: MCT Oil · Alembicol D · Liprocil · Liquigen · Mytic 810 · Structolipid · Teceeme · Triglycerida saturata media · Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To offset caloric reduction when long-chain triglycerides are restricted | ½-4 teaspoons divided per day with food | PO | divided daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| To offset caloric reduction when long-chain triglycerides are restricted | 0.5-2 mL/kg per day added to food | PO | daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| To offset caloric reduction when long-chain triglycerides are restricted | 1-2 mL/kg per day | PO | daily | — | 🌎 NA |
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base-vehicle to administer drugs | 0.1 mL/kg | PO | as needed | — | 🌎 NA |
- Base-vehicle to administer drugs: Owner-perceived acceptability by cats of MCT oil was significantly higher than gelatin capsules.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
中鏈三酸甘油酯 (MCT) 是一種脂質補充劑，主要用於因小腸慢性浸潤性疾病或脂肪吸收不良症候群而需要限制脂肪攝取的犬隻，以提供熱量。在貓中，它有時被用作口服藥物的基底載體。
作用機制
MCTs bypass the traditional, complex lipid digestion and absorption pathways required by long-chain triglycerides (LCTs):
Triglycerides → hydrolyzed by gastric and pancreatic lipases (requires significantly less bile acids than LCTs) → Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) → absorbed directly into enterocytes → enter the portal vein directly (bypassing chylomicron formation and lymphatic transport) → rapid oxidation in the liver for immediate energy.
Because they do not rely on the lymphatic system, they are ideal for patients with lymphatic obstruction or dilation (e.g., lymphangiectasia).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Significant hepatic disease (e.g., portosystemic shunts, cirrhosis, hepatic failure)
不良反應
- Unpalatability (especially in dogs)
- Bloating
- Flatulence
- Diarrhea
- Food aversion (rare in cats)
注意事項
Hepatic Disease Warning: Use with extreme caution in patients with significant hepatic disease (e.g., portacaval shunts, cirrhosis). Because MCTs are rapidly absorbed via the portal vein, impaired hepatic clearance can lead to significantly high systemic blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of medium-chain fatty acids. This can precipitate or exacerbate hepatic encephalopathy/coma.
- Gastrointestinal Upset: Rapid introduction can cause severe osmotic diarrhea. Always start at the low end of the dose range and titrate up gradually.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Does not provide essential fatty acids. Fat-soluble vitamin supplementation is recommended if used as the primary fat source.
藥物相互作用
MCT oil may decrease absorption, as griseofulvin requires long-chain dietary fats for optimal oral absorption.
Absorption may be impaired if LCTs are completely replaced by MCTs; supplementation may be required.
監測
- Gastrointestinal tolerance (vomiting, bloating, flatulence, stool consistency)
- Efficacy (maintenance of body weight and body condition score)
- Signs of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with underlying liver disease
藥物動力學
吸收
Rapidly hydrolyzed and absorbed directly into the enterocytes. Requires less bile acids for digestion compared to long-chain fats.
分佈
Transported directly via the portal vein to the liver. Not dependent on chylomicron formation or lymphatic transport.
代謝
Rapidly oxidized in the liver to provide energy.
排除
Primarily utilized for energy; minimal elimination of intact MCTs.
過量
Overdosage primarily exacerbates gastrointestinal adverse effects, leading to bloating, flatulence, and severe diarrhea.
Treatment:
- Discontinue or reduce the dose of MCT oil.
- Treat severe diarrhea supportively (e.g., fluid therapy to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances) if necessary.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral oil liquid
人用標示
- Medium Chain Triglycerides Oil: in quart bottles; MCT (Mead Johnson Nutritionals); (OTC)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Unless otherwise noted by the manufacturer, store at room temperature in glass bottles.
飼主須知
由於MCT油適口性較差，請在餵食前將其與少量食物混合。可能會出現腹瀉或脹氣，建議從低劑量開始並逐漸增加。如果出現嚴重腹瀉，請聯繫您的獸醫師。
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