褪黑激素
Melatonin
N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine
別名: Regulin · Ferretonin · Dermatonin · Benedorm · Buenas Noches · Cronocaps · HT90 · Melapure · Melatol · Repentil · Revenox · Transzone · Circadin · n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine · MLT · pineal hormone · Melatonina
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alopecia-X, canine pattern baldness, or recurrent flank alopecia (experimental) | One to four 12 mg implants SC. Retreatment may be necessary once or twice a year. Alternatively, 3-6 mg PO q8-12h. | SC/PO | q8-12h (PO) or 1-2 times/year (SC) | — | 🌎 NA |
| Canine recurrent flank alopecia or seasonal flank alopecia | 2-3 mg per dog (up to 10 mg used) | PO | q24h for 3-5 days weekly or monthly, or daily | Improvement usually seen in 1 month, maximal in 3 months | 🌎 NA |
| Alopecia X | 3-6 mg (total dose) | PO | 2-3 times a day | 3 months | 🌎 NA |
| Color dilution alopecia | 1.5-6 mg | PO | 2-3 times a day | Stop when good re-growth occurs | 🌎 NA |
| Alopecia-X | 3 mg-12 mg (depending on size) | PO | 2 to 3 times a day | At least 4 months | 🌎 NA |
| Sleep disorders (nocturnal activity) | 3-6 mg (total dose) | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Sleep aid, fears, and phobias | 0.1 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Idiopathic vacuolar hepatopathy | 4-6 mg/day (total dose for dogs <= 15 kg) | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hair cycling disorders (e.g., Alopecia X, seasonal flank alopecia) | 3-6 mg | PO | q8h | 4-6 week trial | 🌍 EU |
- Alopecia-X, canine pattern baldness, or recurrent flank alopecia (experimental): Recommend having owners sign a release form noting the 'experimental' nature of treatment.
- Alopecia X: Neutering recommended initially. Treat until maximal response is noted and discontinue. Re-institute if signs recur.
- Idiopathic vacuolar hepatopathy: May improve liver enzymes and hepatic changes.
- Hair cycling disorders (e.g., Alopecia X, seasonal flank alopecia): If no growth is noted after 4-6 weeks, discontinue. May need repeating next year for seasonal flank alopecia.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep disorders (nocturnal activity) | 3-12 mg (total dose) | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Suppression of estrus | 18 mg implant | SC | Once | Suppresses estrus for 2-4 months | 🌎 NA |
雪貂
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive treatment of adrenal disease | 0.5-1 mg per ferret | PO | q24h (7-9 hours after sunrise) | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of adrenal disease | 1-2 mg per ferret | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunctive treatment of adrenal disease: Can also use 5.4 mg implant which releases over 3-4 months. Better response in fall/winter.
- Adjunctive treatment of adrenal disease: Or use 5.4 mg implant. May cause excessive drowsiness in ferrets under 600 grams.
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reduction of gastric ulcers in young pigs | 5 mg/kg in feed | PO | Continuous in feed | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
褪黑激素是由松果體分泌的天然荷爾蒙，主要用於調節睡眠-覺醒週期。在獸醫學中，常用於治療犬隻的脫毛症（如X型脫毛症）、犬貓的睡眠與行為障礙，以及作為雪貂腎上腺疾病的輔助治療。
作用機制
Melatonin is involved in the neuroendocrine control of photoperiod-dependent molting, hair growth, and pelage color.
- Hair Growth: It stimulates winter coat growth; spring shedding occurs when melatonin levels decrease. The exact mechanism is unknown but may involve direct effects on the hair follicle or alteration of prolactin and/or melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) secretion.
- Endocrine Effects: Increases serum prolactin and growth hormone levels, and enhances the response to growth hormone-releasing hormone. Long-term use may decrease luteinizing hormone (LH).
- Antioxidant: Acts as a potent free radical scavenger.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Pregnancy
- Sexually immature animals
- Hepatic insufficiency (in humans)
- No information available
不良反應
- Sedation or drowsiness
- Altered sex hormone secretion and fertility
- Sterile abscesses at subcutaneous implant sites
- No information available in monograph (generally well tolerated, may cause mild sedation)
注意事項
Use with caution in patients with renal impairment. Because of its CNS depressant qualities, it should be used cautiously in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease, depression, or neurological disorders. Animals nursing young may not benefit from implant therapy.
藥物相互作用
Melatonin may potentiate sedative effects
Melatonin may potentiate neuromuscular blocking effects
監測
- Clinical efficacy (e.g., hair regrowth, improved sleep patterns)
- Hair regrowth (evaluate after 4-6 weeks of therapy)
藥物動力學
吸收
No specific information located in veterinary species.
分佈
No specific information located.
代謝
Cleared hepatically (in humans).
排除
No specific information located.
過量
Little information is available; it is unlikely to cause significant morbidity after a single overdose. Treat symptomatically if profound sedation occurs.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral tablets
- Oral capsules
- Oral liquid
- Subcutaneous implants
- 2 mg tablet
- 3 mg tablet
- Over-the-counter (OTC) formulations of various sizes
獸醫用
- Ferretonin (Melatek) 5.4 mg implant for ferrets
- Dermatonin (Melatek) 8 mg, 12 mg, 18 mg implants for dogs
- Regulin 18 mg implant for sheep/goats
人用標示
- Melatonin tablets (0.5 mg to 3 mg)
- Sustained release capsules (3 mg)
- Oral liquid (500 mcg/mL)
- Circadin 2 mg tablets
- Circadin 3 mg tablets
各地核准狀態
Circadin is a Prescription Only Medicine (POM)
Circadin is a Prescription Only Medicine (POM)
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature in tight containers unless otherwise labeled.
飼主須知
褪黑激素是一種用於治療寵物特定脫毛、睡眠問題和焦慮的補充劑。
- 給藥方式：必須嚴格按照獸醫指示給藥，給藥時間（如夜間）非常重要。
- 預期效果：對於脫毛問題，可能需要數個月才能看到改善。
- 安全性：雖然在獸醫學中屬於「實驗性」療法，但通常非常安全，最常見的副作用是輕微嗜睡。
- 購買建議：由於是市售保健品，品質可能參差不齊，請購買獸醫推薦的知名品牌。
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