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米爾貝肟

Milbemycin Oxime

5-didehydromilbemycin derivatives (A4 and A3)

巨環內酯類抗寄生蟲藥POtopical狗貓爬蟲類

別名: Interceptor · Sentinel · Milbemite · CGA-179246

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

0.5 mg/kg PO once a monthPO· q30d
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Heartworm prophylaxis, control of adult hookworms, roundworms, and whipworms0.5 mg/kg PO once a monthPOq30d—🌎 NA
Microfilaricide chemotherapy (in adulticide-pretreated dogs)0.5 mg/kg POPOonce—🌎 NA
Treatment of generalized demodicosis1-3 mg/kg/day POPOq24hUntil resolved🌎 NA
Treatment of cheyletiellosis2 mg/kg PO every 7 days for 3 dosesPOq7d3 doses🌎 NA
Treatment of scabies2 mg/kg PO every 7 days for 3 doses or 0.75 mg/kg once daily for 30 daysPOq7d or q24h3 doses or 30 days🌎 NA
Chronic rhinitis caused by Pneumonyssus caninum1 mg/kg PO once every 10 days for 3 treatmentsPOq10d3 treatments🌎 NA
  • Heartworm prophylaxis, control of adult hookworms, roundworms, and whipworms: Minimum dosage. Can also be used with nitenpyram for flea control.
  • Microfilaricide chemotherapy (in adulticide-pretreated dogs): Repeat in 2 weeks if necessary. Give approximately one month after melarsomine.
  • Treatment of generalized demodicosis: Begin at 1 mg/kg/day with skin scraping after 30 days. Increase to 2 mg/kg if minimal improvement, then 3 mg/kg if needed. Dogs homozygous for MDR1 mutation can show neuro side effects at 1-2.2 mg/kg/day.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Prevention of heartworm; treat adult hookworm and adult roundworms2 mg/kg PO once monthlyPOq30d—🌎 NA

爬蟲類

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Nematodes0.5-1 mg/kg PO; repeat in 2 weeksPOonce, repeat in 14 daysUntil clear🌎 NA
  • Nematodes: If 14 days after second dose fecal is positive, a third dose is given. Appears to be safe in chelonians (unlike ivermectin).

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概覽

米爾貝肟（Milbemycin oxime）是一種​巨環內酯類抗寄生蟲藥​，廣泛應用於獸醫學。

  • ​主要用途​：每月預防心絲蟲（Dirofilaria immitis）及控制腸道寄生蟲（鉤蟲、蛔蟲、鞭蟲）。
  • ​標籤外用途​：治療全身性毛囊蟲症、疥癬蟲、姬螯蟎及鼻蟎。

​臨床提示​：雖然通常很安全，但對於帶有 ​ABCB1 (MDR1) 基因突變​ 的犬種（如牧羊犬、澳洲牧羊犬、喜樂蒂等），若為了治療毛囊蟲而使用高劑量每日給藥時，需特別注意神經毒性風險。對於這些犬種，它通常被認為是比伊維菌素（ivermectin）更安全的替代品，但在開始高劑量治療前仍建議進行基因檢測。

作用機制

Milbemycin acts primarily on the nervous system of invertebrates.

  • Binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels and GABA receptors in the parasite's nervous system.
  • This binding increases membrane permeability to chloride ions → hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells.
  • Results in flaccid paralysis and death of the parasite.

Note: Mammals are generally protected because their GABA receptors are confined to the central nervous system, and intact P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pumps at the blood-brain barrier prevent the drug from accumulating in the CNS.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Puppies less than 4 weeks of age or less than 2 lbs
  • Kittens less than 6 weeks of age or less than 1.5 lbs

不良反應

  • Transient shock-like syndrome (in microfilaremic animals)
  • Ataxia
  • Trembling
  • Mydriasis
  • Hypersalivation
  • Lethargy
  • Pyrexia
  • Seizures
  • Coma

注意事項

Because some dogs with a high number of circulating microfilaria will develop a transient, shock-like syndrome after receiving milbemycin, testing for preexisting heartworm infections is recommended before use. If using at doses greater than labeled in breeds susceptible to the ABCB1 genetic mutation, genetic testing is recommended before initiating therapy. Safety in breeding, pregnant, and lactating queens and breeding toms has not been established.

藥物相互作用

Benzodiazepines

Effects may be potentiated by milbemycin; concurrent use is not advised in humans and warrants caution in animals.

P-glycoprotein inhibitors (Amiodarone, Ketoconazole, Cyclosporine, Diltiazem, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Quinidine, Spironolactone, Tamoxifen, Verapamil)

May inhibit the efflux pump at the blood-brain barrier, increasing the risk of milbemycin neurotoxicity, particularly in dogs at risk for the ABCB1-1 (MDR1) mutation.

監測

  • Heartworm status (prior to initiation of therapy)
  • Neurologic signs (especially in susceptible breeds or at high doses)
  • Skin scrapings (if treating demodicosis)

過量

Beagles have tolerated a single oral dose of 200 mg/kg (200 times monthly rate). Rough-coated collies have tolerated doses of 10 mg/kg (20 times labeled) without adversity. Toxic doses can cause mydriasis, hypersalivation, lethargy, ataxia, pyrexia, seizures, coma, and death. There is no specific antidotal treatment; supportive therapy is recommended.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral tablets
  • Otic solution

獸醫用

  • Interceptor Flavor Tabs: 2.3 mg, 5.75 mg, 11.5 mg, 23 mg
  • Sentinel Flavor Tabs (milbemycin/lufenuron): 46 mg/115 mg/230 mg/460 mg milbemycin/lufenuron combinations
  • Milbemite 0.1% otic solution

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store milbemycin oxime tablets at room temperature.

飼主須知

  • ​按時服藥​：請嚴格按照獸醫指示給藥，通常為每月同一天給藥一次。
  • ​確認吞嚥​：請確保您的寵物完全吞下藥丸。如果牠們吐出來，將無法獲得保護。
  • ​事前檢測​：開始使用此藥物前，您的寵物必須進行心絲蟲檢測並確認為陰性。
  • ​副作用​：在標準的每月預防劑量下極少發生副作用。如果您的寵物因治療毛囊蟲而每天服用較高劑量，請密切觀察是否有步態不穩、發抖、過度流口水或極度疲倦等神經症狀，若有發現請立即回報獸醫。

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