礦物油 / 白凡士林
Mineral Oil / White Petrolatum
Liquid petrolatum / White petrolatum
別名: Laxatone · Laxa-Stat · Vedalax · Cat Lax · Petromalt · Kondremul · Liquid petrolatum · Liquid paraffin · White mineral oil · White petrolatum · White petroleum jelly · White soft paraffin · Paraffinum liquidum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laxative | 2-60 mL | PO | — | — | 🌎 NA |
| Laxative | 5-30 mL | PO | — | — | 🌎 NA |
| Laxative | 5-25 mL | PO | — | — | 🌎 NA |
- Laxative: Because of the risk for aspiration, liquid mineral oil is rarely recommended for PO administration today.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laxative | 2-10 mL | PO | — | — | 🌎 NA |
| Laxative | 2-6 mL | PO | — | — | 🌎 NA |
| Laxative | 5 mL | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Laxative: Because of the risk for aspiration, liquid mineral oil is rarely recommended for PO administration today.
- Laxative: Give per day with food
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laxative/remove hairballs (Rabbits) | 1-2 mL/day | PO | q24h | 3-5 days | 🌎 NA |
- Laxative/remove hairballs (Rabbits): Using feline laxative product
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laxative and to aid in the removal of lead from the gizzard | 1-3 drops per 30 grams of body weight or 5 mL/kg | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Laxative and to aid in the removal of lead from the gizzard: Repeat as necessary. Give via tube or slowly to avoid aspiration.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Large colon impactions | 2-4 quarts | Stomach tube | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Sand colic | 2 liters | NG tube | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Laxative (Adults) | 2-4 liters | Stomach tube | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Laxative (Foals) | 240 mL | Stomach tube | — | — | 🌎 NA |
| Laxative (Adults) | 0.5-2 liters | Stomach tube | — | — | 🌎 NA |
| Laxative (Foals) | 60-120 mL | Stomach tube | — | — | 🌎 NA |
- Large colon impactions: May take up to 5 gallons. Mix 1-2 quarts of warm water with the oil to ease administration. Pump in at a moderate speed.
- Sand colic: Given with 0.5 kg psyllium mixed with 1 liter of mash twice daily.
- Laxative (Adults): May be repeated daily
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laxative | 1-4 liters | Stomach tube | — | — | 🌎 NA |
| Laxative (Adults) | 0.5-2 liters | Stomach tube | — | — | 🌎 NA |
| Laxative (Calves) | 60-120 mL | Stomach tube | — | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of metaldehyde poisoning | 8 mL/kg | Stomach tube | — | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of nitrate poisoning | 1 liter per 400 kg body weight | Stomach tube | — | — | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunctive treatment of metaldehyde poisoning: May be used with a saline cathartic
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laxative | 50-100 mL | Stomach tube | — | — | 🌎 NA |
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laxative | 100-500 mL | Stomach tube | — | — | 🌎 NA |
山羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laxative | 100-500 mL | Stomach tube | — | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
礦物油是一種透明、無色且無味的複雜碳氫化合物混合物，提煉自原油。在獸醫學中，它是一種經典的潤滑性瀉藥，廣泛應用於大型動物（特別是馬匹）以治療大結腸阻塞和沙石疝痛。
在小型動物中，主要以調味凡士林凝膠的形式使用，以處理或預防貓的毛球症。此外，它可透過胃管給藥，作為腸道內的脂質吸收劑，以延緩特定脂溶性毒素（如聚乙醛、煤油）的胃腸道吸收。
臨床要點： 在藥用方面，重質礦物油優於輕質礦物油，因為其在口服後被腸道吸收或誤吸入肺部的風險較低。
作用機制
Mineral oil and petrolatum act purely mechanically within the gastrointestinal tract:
- Lubrication: Coats the intestinal mucosa and the fecal mass, reducing friction.
- Moisture Retention: Creates a hydrophobic barrier that prevents the reabsorption of water from the GI tract → increases fecal bulk and softens the stool.
- Transit Time: The increased bulk and lubrication stimulate peristalsis → decreases intestinal transit time.
- Toxin Sequestration: Acts as an indigestible lipid sink in the gut lumen, trapping lipid-soluble toxins and preventing their systemic absorption.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Patients with an increased risk of vomiting or regurgitation
- Dysphagia or swallowing difficulties
- Esophageal or gastric retention
- Hiatal hernia
- Debilitated or pregnant patients (based on human guidelines)
- Human pediatric patients under 6 years old
不良反應
- Lipid pneumonitis (severe, if aspirated)
- Granulomatous reactions in liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes (if absorbed)
- Anal oil leakage
- Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) with chronic use
注意事項
Extreme caution must be used to avoid aspiration, which can cause severe, irreversible lipid pneumonitis. Do not administer liquid mineral oil orally via syringe to struggling small animals; rectal administration is preferred if used as a laxative in these species. When 'tubing' large animals, absolutely ascertain that the tube is in the stomach and administer at a reasonable rate.
藥物相互作用
Theoretically enhances the absorption of mineral oil, which could lead to systemic granulomatous reactions. Avoid concurrent use, though clinical significance in large animals appears low.
Chronic administration of mineral oil may decrease the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Administer between meals to minimize this effect.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (fecal output, resolution of impaction)
- Signs of aspiration (coughing, tachypnea, dyspnea)
- Auscultation and thoracic radiographs if aspiration is suspected
藥物動力學
吸收
Minimally absorbed from the gut. However, emulsions of mineral oil may be up to 60% absorbed.
分佈
Remains primarily in the GI tract. If absorbed, it can distribute to the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes.
代謝
Not significantly metabolized.
排除
Excreted unchanged in the feces.
過量
Overdose effects are generally self-limiting (e.g., diarrhea, anal leakage). The primary life-threatening risk is aspiration, which can lead to severe lipid pneumonitis. Chronic overdosage may cause fat-soluble vitamin (A, D, E, K) deficiency.
可用產品
劑型
- Liquid
- Oral paste/gel
- Emulsion
獸醫用
- Liquid Mineral Oil (gallons or 55-gallon drums)
- Cat 'Laxative' Products (e.g., Laxatone, Laxa-Stat, Vedalax, Cat Lax, Vetscription Hairball Remedy, Petromalt, Petrotone, Felilax)
人用標示
- Mineral Oil Liquid (180 mL, 473 mL)
- Mineral Oil Emulsions (e.g., Kondremul Plain)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Petrolatum products should be stored at temperatures less than 30°C (86°F).
飼主須知
極度危險警告： 絕對不要使用注射器將液態礦物油強行灌入寵物口中。如果不慎吸入肺部，會引起嚴重且可能致命的脂質性肺炎。
- 對於有毛球問題的貓咪，請嚴格按照獸醫指示使用市售的調味化毛膏（如 Laxatone）。可將少量塗抹在貓咪的爪子或鼻子上，讓牠們自然舔食。
- 未經獸醫指示，請勿長期使用這些產品，因為它們會阻礙必需維生素（維生素 A、D、E 和 K）的吸收。
- 您可能會注意到寵物肛門有油性分泌物排出；這是正常現象，但可能會弄髒家具或地毯。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。