丁基東莨菪鹼
N-butylscopolammonium bromide
別名: Buscapina · Buscopan Compositum · butylscopolamine bromide · hyoscine butylbromide · hyoscine N-butylbromide · scopolamini butylbromidum · hyoscini butylbromidum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of abdominal pain (colic) associated with spasmodic colic, flatulent colic, and simple impactions | 0.3 mg/kg (30 mg or 1.5 mL per 100 kg of body weight) | slow IV | one time | — | 🌎 NA |
| To treat esophageal obstruction | 0.3 mg/kg | IV | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- To treat esophageal obstruction: Administer with oxytocin (0.11-0.22 Units/kg IV once). Oxytocin use should be avoided in mares, or dose significantly reduced. Do not use in pregnant mares.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
丁基東莨菪鹼（又稱 hyoscine butylbromide）是一種強效的注射型抗膽鹼與抗痙攣藥物，主要用於馬匹醫學。
- 主要臨床用途：快速緩解馬匹因痙攣性疝痛、氣體性疝痛及單純性腸阻塞引起的腹痛。也可用於輔助直腸檢查與結腸鏡檢查。
- 臨床要點：由於其為四級銨化合物，極性高且不易穿過血腦屏障。這意味著它能對胃腸道與泌尿道產生優異的周邊抗痙攣效果，而不會產生如阿托品 (atropine) 常見的嚴重中樞神經系統副作用（如興奮或嚴重鎮靜）。
- 其作用時間比阿托品短得多，非常適合需要短暫介入且不希望造成長時間腸道無力的情況。
作用機制
N-butylscopolammonium bromide acts as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors located on smooth muscle cells.
- Mechanism: Blocks acetylcholine binding → prevents intracellular calcium release → induces profound relaxation of gastrointestinal and urinary smooth muscle.
- Pathway: Parasympathetic inhibition → decreased GI peristalsis and reduced rectal pressure.
- Duration: Visceral antinociceptive and spasmolytic effects are brief, typically lasting 15-20 minutes in horses.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Impaction colics associated with ileus
- Glaucoma
- Horses intended for food purposes
- Nursing foals
- Pregnant or lactating mares
不良反應
- Transient tachycardia
- Decreased borborygmal sounds
- Transient pupil dilation
- Decreased secretions
- Dry mucous membranes
注意事項
Not for use in patients with ileus or when decreased GI motility may be harmful. Because this drug can cause increases in heart rate, heart rate cannot be used as a valid pain indicator for 30 minutes after injection. When used for labeled indications, a lack of response may indicate a more serious problem that may require surgery or more aggressive care. The manufacturer has not studied the safety of IM administration.
藥物相互作用
May cause additive effects if used with N-butylscopolammonium
These drugs and N-butylscopolammonium may counteract one another's actions on GI smooth muscle
監測
- Heart rate (Note: heart rate cannot be used as indicator for pain for the first 30 minutes after administration)
- GI motility via gut sounds and feces output
藥物動力學
半衰期
排除
Eliminated within 48 hours in urine and feces equally.
過量
Dosages up to 10X (3 mg/kg) were administered to horses as part of preapproval studies. Clinical effects noted included dilated pupils (returned to normal in 4-24 hours), tachycardia (returned to normal within 4 hours) and dry mucous membranes (returned to normal in 1-2 hours). Gut motility was inhibited, but returned to baseline within 4 hours and normal feces were seen within 6 hours. Two of the four horses treated at 10X dosage developed mild signs of colic which resolved without further treatment.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection
獸醫用
- N-butylscopolammonium bromide Injection: 20 mg/mL in 50 mL multi-dose vials, Buscopan (BIVI)
- Buscopan Compositum (UK only): contains metamizole 500 mg/mL and hyoscine butylbromide 4 mg/mL
人用標示
- Buscopan or Buscapina (Available internationally, none in the USA)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
The commercially available injection should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C).
飼主須知
重要提示：本藥物需要準確的病患評估、靜脈注射及後續監測，因此僅限由執業獸醫師給藥。
- 使用原因：它能迅速放鬆腸道，緩解因氣體或痙攣（疝痛）引起的疼痛，並使直腸檢查等程序對您的馬匹更安全、更舒適。
- 預期反應：您可能會注意到馬匹的心跳暫時加快，口腔可能顯得乾燥，瞳孔也可能稍微放大。這些都是正常的副作用，通常會在30分鐘到幾小時內迅速消退。
- 監測注意：因為藥物會暫時提高心率，獸醫師在注射後約30分鐘內無法用心率來評估馬匹的疼痛程度。
- 後續觀察：如果藥效消退後馬匹的疝痛症狀復發，可能表示有更嚴重的問題，需要進一步的醫療或外科處置。
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