諾龍癸酸酯
Nandrolone Decanoate
Nortestosterone decanoate
別名: Deca-Durabolin · Nortestosterone decanoate · Nortestosterone decylate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive treatment of chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis | 2 mg/kg IM weekly | IM | weekly | 3 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Disuse muscle atrophy secondary to immobilization | 1.5 mg/kg IM once weekly | IM | once weekly | up to 8 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of anemia in patients with chronic renal failure | 1-1.5 mg/kg IM once weekly | IM | once weekly | May require 2-3 months to achieve beneficial effects | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of anemia in patients with chronic renal failure | 5 mg/kg IM (maximum of 200 mg/week) every 2-3 weeks | IM | every 2-3 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of metabolic and endocrine anemias | 5 mg/kg IM once weekly | IM | once weekly | — | 🌎 NA |
| Aplastic anemia | 1-3 mg/kg IM weekly | IM | weekly | — | 🌎 NA |
| Appetite stimulant | 5 mg/kg IM weekly | IM | weekly | — | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunctive treatment of chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis: Used with prednisolone (2-3 mg/kg PO once daily for 3-4 weeks, then tapered). If anemia does not respond, azathioprine may be added.
- Disuse muscle atrophy secondary to immobilization: Start from the day of surgery/immobilization.
- Treatment of anemia in patients with chronic renal failure: Evidence to support use is poor.
- Treatment of metabolic and endocrine anemias: Maximum of 200 mg. Most resolve with correction of underlying disease process.
- Appetite stimulant: Maximum 200 mg/week.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FeLV-induced anemia or as a general bone marrow stimulant | 10-20 mg IM once weekly | IM | once weekly | — | 🌎 NA |
| Chronic anemia secondary to feline cardiomyopathy | 50 mg IM weekly | IM | weekly | — | 🌎 NA |
- FeLV-induced anemia or as a general bone marrow stimulant: Is of questionable benefit.
爬蟲類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To reduce protein catabolism in renal disease of lizard species | 1 mg/kg IM every 7-28 days | IM | every 7-28 days | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
諾龍癸酸酯是一種注射用同化類固醇，過去主要用於刺激患有特定貧血（如慢性腎衰竭繼發貧血）病患的紅血球生成，或作為食慾促進劑。由於現代獸醫學已有更安全有效的替代療法（如紅血球生成素、mirtazapine 等），目前已極少推薦或使用。本品屬於第三級管制藥品 (C-III)。
作用機制
Nandrolone is a synthetic derivative of testosterone with enhanced anabolic and reduced androgenic properties.
- Anabolic Effects: Binds to intracellular androgen receptors (AR) → translocates to the nucleus → alters gene transcription. In the presence of adequate protein and calories, it promotes body tissue-building processes and reverses catabolism.
- Erythropoiesis Stimulation: Enhances red blood cell counts by directly stimulating red cell precursors in the bone marrow, increasing red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and stimulating erythropoietin (EPO) production in the kidneys.
- Endocrine Feedback: Suppresses endogenous testosterone release by inhibiting luteinizing hormone (LH). Large doses impede spermatogenesis via negative feedback inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
- Metabolic Effects: Causes retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus, and decreases urinary excretion of calcium.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hepatic dysfunction
- Hypercalcemia
- History of myocardial infarction
- Pituitary insufficiency
- Prostate carcinoma
- Mammary carcinoma
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
- Nephrotic stage of nephritis
- Pregnancy (FDA Category X - known teratogen)
不良反應
- Sodium, calcium, potassium, water, chloride, and phosphate retention
- Hepatotoxicity
- Behavioral changes (androgenic effects, e.g., increased aggression)
- Reproductive abnormalities (oligospermia, estrus suppression)
- Masculinization of female fetuses (teratogenic)
注意事項
Pregnancy Warning: FDA Category X. Anabolic steroids can cause masculinization of the fetus. The risk of use in pregnant animals clearly outweighs any possible benefit.
- Nursing Mothers: It is unknown if anabolic steroids are excreted in maternal milk. Due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing offspring, a decision should be made to either discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug.
- Laboratory Alterations: Can decrease protein-bound iodine (PBI), thyroxine-binding globulin, and total T4 concentrations while increasing resin uptake of T3 and T4 (free thyroid hormones remain unaltered). Can decrease creatinine and creatine excretion, increase 17-ketosteroid excretion, alter blood glucose, suppress clotting factors (II, V, VII, X), and elevate liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin).
藥物相互作用
Anabolic agents may potentiate the effects of anticoagulants; monitoring of INR and dosage adjustment of the anticoagulant are recommended.
Anabolics may enhance the edema that can be associated with ACTH or adrenal steroid therapy.
Anabolics may decrease blood glucose and decrease insulin requirements; diabetic patients may need dosage adjustments.
監測
- Androgenic side effects (behavioral changes)
- Fluid and electrolyte status (especially sodium, potassium, calcium)
- Liver function tests (AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin)
- Red blood cell count and indices
- Weight and appetite
藥物動力學
吸收
Administered via deep intramuscular injection. The decanoate ester provides a slow release from the injection site.
分佈
No specific veterinary information located.
代謝
Metabolized in the liver.
排除
No specific veterinary information located.
過量
No specific information was located for this agent in veterinary species. In humans, sodium and water retention can occur after overdosage of anabolic steroids.
- Treatment: Treat supportively. Monitor liver function and electrolyte status should an inadvertent overdose be administered.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable solution (compounded, typically in sesame oil)
獸醫用
- None commercially available in the USA. Potentially available from compounding pharmacies.
人用標示
- None commercially available in the USA.
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at temperatures less than 40°C, preferably between 15-30°C (59-86°F). Protect from freezing and light.
飼主須知
- 管制藥品：由於具有潛在的濫用風險，本藥物屬於第三級管制藥品 (C-III)。請務必將其存放在安全的地方，並遠離兒童。
- 副作用觀察：請密切觀察寵物是否出現行為改變（如攻擊性增加）、水腫或黃疸（肝臟問題的徵兆）。
- 定期回診：治療期間需要定期進行血液檢查以監測肝功能和紅血球數量。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。