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萘普生

Naproxen

非類固醇消炎止痛藥 (NSAID)POIV狗小型哺乳類馬

別名: Aleve · Anaprox · EC-Naprosyn · Midol Extended Relief · Naprelan · Equiproxen · naproxeneum · RS-3540 · RS-3650 · naproxen sodium

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

2 mg/kg PO every other day (q48h)PO· q48h
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal inflammatory diseases (Last resort)2 mg/kg PO every other day (q48h)POq48h—🌎 NA
  • Osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal inflammatory diseases (Last resort): Because of the difficulty in accurately dosing naproxen and its potential for adverse effects, use only when FDA-approved and safer NSAIDs have been ineffective.

小型哺乳類

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Septic arthritis pain; inflammation (Rabbits)2.4 mg/mL in drinking water for 21 daysPOContinuous21 days🌎 NA
  • Septic arthritis pain; inflammation (Rabbits): Dose specific to rabbits.

馬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Myositis and soft tissue diseases of the musculoskeletal system5 mg/kg by slow IV, then 10 mg/kg, PO (top dressed in feed) twice daily for up to 14 days or 10 mg/kg, PO (top dressed in feed) twice daily for up to 14 consecutive days.IV, POq12hUp to 14 days🌎 NA
Systemic therapies for joint disease10 mg/kg PO dailyPOq24h—🌎 NA
  • Myositis and soft tissue diseases of the musculoskeletal system: ARCI UCGFS Class 4 Drug. Veterinary product no longer commercially available.

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

萘普生（Naproxen）是一種屬於丙酸類的​非類固醇消炎止痛藥（NSAID）​，結構上與布洛芬（ibuprofen）和酮洛芬（ketoprofen）相似。

  • ​獸醫用途​：在獸醫學中的應用已大半被更新、更安全且對COX-2更具選擇性的NSAID所取代。
  • ​毒性風險​：由於其在狗體內的半衰期極長（74小時）且具有廣泛的腸肝循環，導致其治療指數非常狹窄，對狗具有顯著毒性。許多臨床獸醫師強烈建議不要在狗身上使用此藥。
  • ​馬匹用途​：過去曾用於治療馬匹的肌肉骨骼疼痛、肌炎和軟組織疾病，但獸醫專用產品（Equiproxen®）在美國已停止銷售。

作用機制

Naproxen exerts its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects by inhibiting the ​cyclooxygenase (COX)​ enzymes.

  • Arachidonic Acid → COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition → Decreased synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
  • The reduction in pro-inflammatory prostaglandins mitigates inflammation, pain, and fever.
  • Because naproxen is a non-selective COX inhibitor, it also blocks the constitutive, protective prostaglandins (via COX-1) in the gastric mucosa and kidneys. This mechanism explains its high propensity for causing gastrointestinal ulceration and renal toxicity, particularly in sensitive species like dogs and cats.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Active GI ulcers
  • History of hypersensitivity to naproxen or other NSAIDs
  • Pre-existing hematologic, renal, or hepatic disease

不良反應

  • GI distress (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)
  • Gastrointestinal ulcers and perforation
  • Melena and bloody vomitus
  • Renal effects (nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, fluid retention)
  • Hepatic effects (increased liver enzymes)
  • Hematologic effects (hypoproteinemia, decreased hematocrit, anemia)
  • CNS effects (neuropathies, lethargy, depression)

注意事項

WARNING: Extremely narrow therapeutic index in dogs. Use is generally discouraged unless all FDA-approved, safer NSAIDs have failed.

  • Relatively Contraindicated: Patients with a history of or pre-existing hematologic, renal, or hepatic disease.
  • Caution: Use cautiously in patients with a history of GI ulcers or heart failure (may cause fluid retention).
  • Infection: Animals suffering from inflammation secondary to concomitant infection should receive appropriate antimicrobial therapy alongside NSAID treatment.

藥物相互作用

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin)

Increased risk for nephrotoxicity

Anticoagulants (heparin, LMWH, warfarin)

Increased risk for bleeding

Aspirin

Decreased plasma levels of naproxen and increased likelihood of GI adverse effects (blood loss). Concomitant use is not recommended.

Bisphosphonates (alendronate)

May increase risk for GI ulceration

Corticosteroids

Concomitant administration significantly increases the risks for GI adverse effects and ulceration

Furosemide

Naproxen may reduce the saluretic and diuretic effects of furosemide

Highly protein bound drugs (phenytoin, valproic acid, sulfonamides)

Potential displacement leading to increased serum levels and duration of action of the displaced drug

Methotrexate

Serious toxicity has occurred; use together with extreme caution

Probenecid

May cause a significant increase in serum levels and half-life of naproxen

監測

  • Analgesic/anti-inflammatory efficacy
  • GI signs: appetite, feces (occult blood, diarrhea)
  • PCV (packed cell volume) and hematocrit if indicated or on chronic therapy
  • WBCs if indicated or on chronic therapy
  • Renal and hepatic function panels (especially in dogs)

藥物動力學

半衰期

馬~4 hours狗74 hours

吸收

Horses: 50% bioavailability after oral dosing; absorption is not altered by food. Dogs: Rapid oral absorption with 68-100% bioavailability.

分佈

Highly bound to plasma proteins (99% in humans). Crosses the placenta and enters milk at about 1% of serum levels.

代謝

Metabolized in the liver.

排除

Detectable in the urine for at least 48 hours in the horse after an oral dose.

過量

Toxicity is a major concern, particularly in dogs and cats.

  • Dogs: The reported oral LD50 is >1000 mg/kg, but clinical toxicity occurs at much lower doses.
    • ​>5 mg/kg​: Gastrointestinal signs and GI ulceration.
    • ​>25 mg/kg​ (some dogs as low as 10 mg/kg): Significant renal damage.
    • ​>50 mg/kg​: Neurologic signs.
  • Clinical Signs: Vomiting (often bloody), lethargy, anorexia, diarrhea, melena, anemia, and elevated renal/hepatic values.
  • Treatment:
    • Decontamination: Emesis and/or activated charcoal if recent ingestion.
    • GI Protection: Misoprostol and sucralfate are recommended for 10-14 days post-exposure.
    • Renal Protection: Fluid diuresis should be considered if renal effects are expected.
    • Supportive Care: Monitor electrolyte and fluid balance carefully; manage renal failure using established guidelines.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral tablets
  • Gelcaps
  • Capsules
  • Delayed/controlled-release tablets
  • Oral suspension
  • Injection (historically available for horses)

獸醫用

  • None currently marketed in the USA (Equiproxen® is discontinued)

人用標示

  • Naproxen Oral Tablets/Gelcaps/Capsules: 200 mg, 250 mg, 375 mg, 500 mg
  • Naproxen Delayed/Controlled-release Tablets: 375 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg
  • Naproxen Oral Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store in well-closed, light-resistant containers at room temperature. Avoid temperatures above 40°C (104°F).

飼主須知

​危險警告​：絕對不要在沒有獸醫師明確指示的情況下，將人類的非處方止痛藥（如 Aleve®）給予您的寵物。萘普生對狗和貓具有高度毒性。

  • 如果您的寵物被處方了萘普生，請嚴格遵守給藥時間表（對狗而言，給藥頻率可能低至每兩天一次）。
  • 如果您發現以下情況，​請立即停藥並聯繫您的獸醫師​：
    • 食慾不振或精神沉鬱
    • 嘔吐（特別是含有血液或看起來像咖啡渣的嘔吐物）
    • 腹瀉或排出黑色柏油狀糞便
    • 飲水或排尿習慣改變

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