烯啶蟲胺
烯啶蟲胺 (Nitenpyram) 是一種速效、全身性的口服新菸鹼類殺蟲劑，主要用於快速擊倒犬貓身上的成蚤。 **臨床要點：** * 其起效極快（跳蚤在30分鐘內開始從宿主身上掉落），但缺乏長效殘留活性（藥效僅維持24-48小時）。 * 因為它無法殺死跳蚤卵、幼蟲或未成熟形態，所以對急性跳蚤感染非常有效，但必須與昆蟲生長調節劑 (IGR) 或長效殺成蟲劑結合使用，以達到全面的跳蚤控制。 * 仿單標示外用途包括治療多種動物（如爬行動物）的蠅蛆病。
作用機制: Nitenpyram acts as an agonist at **insect-specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)**. * Ingestion by flea via blood meal → Binds to **alpha-4-beta-2 nicotinic receptors** on postsynaptic membranes → Blocks acetylcholine-mediated neuronal transmission → Continuous nerve firing → **Spastic paralysis and rapid death** of the insect. * It is highly selective (3500 times more selective for insect receptors than vertebrate receptors) and does *not* inhibit acetylcholinesterase, contributing to its exceptionally high safety margin in mammals.
各物種劑量
- Flea adulticide (2-25 lb / 0.9-11.36 kg) · Give one 11.4 mg tablet PO. May be given as often as once per day. · PO · q24h · May be given with or without food.
- Flea infestation · 1 mg/kg (minimum) · PO · prn (can be given daily if needed) · As needed · 11.4 mg tablet for cats 1-11 kg
- Maggots · crush one 11.4 mg tablet into powder and give PO, as an enema, or on wound one time. · PO/Rectal/Topical · one time · 1 dose
- Flea adulticide (2-25 lb / 0.9-11.36 kg) · Give one 11.4 mg tablet PO. May be given as often as once per day. · PO · q24h · May be given with or without food.
- Flea adulticide (25-125 lb / 11.36-56.8 kg) · Give one 57 mg tablet PO. May be given as often as once per day. · PO · q24h · May be given with or without food.
- Flea infestation · 1 mg/kg (minimum) · PO · prn (can be given daily if needed) · As needed · 11.4 mg tablet for dogs 1-11 kg; 57 mg tablet for dogs >11 kg
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Animals under 2 pounds of body weight
- Animals under 4 weeks of age
- Animals weighing less than 1 kg
不良反應
- Transient pruritus (scratching) due to dying fleas
- Transient pruritus (scratching/itching) as fleas die
- Vomiting (rare)
- Lethargy (rare)
- Panting or vocalization (rare, secondary to flea death)
監測
- Efficacy (flea knockdown)
- Resolution of flea infestation
- Adverse reactions (excessive scratching, vomiting)
過量
Nitenpyram is relatively safe in high dosages to mammals. * The oral LD50 in rats is approximately 1.6 grams/kg. * Cats or dogs given 10 times the usual dose for 14 days showed no untoward effects. * In the circumstance of a massive overdose, contact an animal poison control center for additional guidance.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。