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尼扎替丁

Nizatidine

H2受體拮抗劑；促胃腸動力藥PO狗貓

別名: Axid AR · Axid Pulvules · LY-139037 · nizatidinum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

2.5-5 mg/kg PO once dailyPO· once daily
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
As a prokinetic agent2.5-5 mg/kg PO once dailyPOonce daily—🌎 NA
As an H2 blocker to reduce gastric acid production5 mg/kg PO once dailyPOonce daily—🌎 NA
  • As an H2 blocker to reduce gastric acid production: Dosage not well established

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
As a colonic prokinetic agent2.5-5 mg/kg PO once dailyPOonce daily—🌎 NA
As a colonic prokinetic agent (in combination with cisapride)2.5-5 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
  • As a colonic prokinetic agent (in combination with cisapride): Used in combination with cisapride

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

正在為病患診症？VetSheet 的 AI 會把藥物、劑量與療程直接寫入結構化診症筆記。了解 VetSheet 如何運作

概覽

尼扎替丁（Nizatidine）是一種​H2受體拮抗劑​，其結構和藥理作用與雷尼替丁（ranitidine）相似。雖然它具有抑制胃酸的能力，但在獸醫學（特別是小動物臨床）中，主要利用其​促胃腸動力​的特性。

  • 用於治療胃排空延遲、腸道假性阻塞以及貓便秘/巨結腸症。
  • 可能有助於預防貓胰臟炎中的出血性壞死。

​臨床要點：​ 由於目前有更強效的抑酸劑（如質子幫浦抑制劑）和其他促動力藥物，尼扎替丁在臨床上較少使用，但當需要同時具備抑酸和促動力雙重作用時，它仍是一個可行的選擇。

作用機制

  • ​Acid Suppression:​ Competitively inhibits histamine at the H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells → reduces basal and stimulated gastric acid output → decreases pepsin secretion.
  • ​Prokinetic Action:​ Inhibits acetylcholinesterase → prevents breakdown of acetylcholine → increases acetylcholine concentrations at muscarinic receptors → stimulates GI motility.
  • May also exert direct agonist effects on M3 muscarinic receptors.
  • Increases lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Hypersensitivity to nizatidine

不良反應

  • Anemia (rare)
  • Headache/dizziness (rare)
  • Rash/pruritus (rare)
  • Cholinergic effects at high doses

注意事項

Use cautiously and consider reduced dosage in patients with diminished renal function. Monitor serum ALT in high-dose, chronic therapy. Geriatric patients or those with hepatic insufficiency require caution. False positive tests for urobilinogen may occur.

藥物相互作用

Anticholinergic agents (atropine, propantheline)

May negate the prokinetic effects of nizatidine

Aspirin (and other salicylates)

May increase salicylate levels in patients receiving high doses of aspirin

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (decrease in symptoms, endoscopic examination, blood in feces)
  • Serum ALT values (in high dose, chronic therapy)

藥物動力學

吸收

Rapid and nearly complete oral absorption with minimal first-pass effect in dogs. Food enhances absorption but is not clinically important.

分佈

Marginally bound to plasma proteins. Unknown if it enters the CNS. Excreted in maternal milk at 0.1% of oral dose.

代謝

Metabolized in the liver to several metabolites, including at least one active metabolite.

排除

Over 50% excreted unchanged in the urine in animals with normal renal function.

過量

Single oral doses up to 800 mg/kg were not lethal in dogs. Overdose may cause cholinergic effects (lacrimation, salivation, emesis, miosis, diarrhea). Treat supportively and symptomatically.

可用產品

劑型

  • Tablets
  • Capsules
  • Oral Solution

人用標示

  • Nizatidine Tablets: 75 mg (Axid AR)
  • Nizatidine Capsules: 150 mg & 300 mg (Axid Pulvules, generic)
  • Nizatidine Oral Solution: 15 mg/mL in 480 mL (Axid)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store oral tablets and capsules in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature.

飼主須知

  • ​按時服藥：​ 請嚴格按照獸醫的指示給藥。漏服可能導致寵物的症狀（如嘔吐或便秘）復發。
  • ​耐受性：​ 狗和貓通常對尼扎替丁有很好的耐受性。
  • ​注意事項：​ 如果您發現寵物出現過度流口水、流淚、嘔吐或腹瀉，請立即聯繫獸醫，這可能是劑量過高的跡象。

​注意：​ 未經獸醫同意，請勿給寵物服用任何非處方制酸劑或其他藥物，以免產生藥物交互作用。

VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。