新生黴素鈉
新生黴素是一種窄效抗生素，主要對某些**革蘭氏陽性球菌**有效。 * **獸醫用途：** 獲FDA核准與青黴素G合併使用，作為乾乳期乳牛的乳房注入劑（治療乳腺炎）。在犬隻中，也有與四環黴素及培尼皮質醇（prednisolone）合併的口服製劑。 * **臨床要點：** 由於有更安全且廣效的抗生素可供選擇，新生黴素在現代小動物臨床上的全身性使用相對少見，主要侷限於特定的複方產品。
作用機制: Novobiocin acts in a bactericidal manner through multiple mechanisms: * **Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase** → interferes with protein and nucleic acid synthesis. * Interferes with **bacterial cell wall synthesis**. * **Note:** The activity of the drug is significantly enhanced in an alkaline medium.
各物種劑量
- Subclinical mastitis in dry cows · Infuse contents of one syringe into each quarter at the time of drying off; not later than 30 days prior to calving. · Intramammary · Once · Shake well before using.
- Susceptible infections · 22 mg/kg of each antibiotic and 0.55 mg prednisolone PO q12h · PO · q12h · 48 hours · Using the combination product (with tetracycline and prednisolone)
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to novobiocin
不良反應
- Fever
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Rashes
- Blood dyscrasias
- Hepatotoxicity (reported in humans)
藥物相互作用
- Beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins) · Novobiocin may block tubular transport, potentially decreasing the elimination rates and prolonging the half-lives of these drugs.
監測
- Clinical efficacy
- Adverse effects
- Periodic liver function tests (if using long-term systemically)
- CBCs (if using long-term systemically)
過量
Little information is available regarding overdoses. It is suggested that large oral overdoses be handled by emptying the gut following standard protocols; monitor and treat adverse effects symptomatically if necessary.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。