制黴菌素
抗黴菌藥 (多烯類)
制黴菌素是一種廣效的**多烯類抗黴菌**藥物，特別針對**念珠菌**（尤其是白色念珠菌）具有顯著療效。它不會從胃腸道吸收，因此適用於局部/外用或胃腸道黴菌感染。 > **臨床提示：** 由於它不會被全身吸收，口服劑型僅對胃腸道念珠菌病有效，而外用劑型則用於皮膚或耳部酵母菌感染（如馬拉色菌外耳炎）。
作用機制: Nystatin binds to **ergosterol**, a major component of the fungal cell membrane. This binding → forms pores in the membrane → leads to **potassium leakage** → results in the death of the fungus.
各物種劑量
Dogs
- Topical antifungal therapy · apply to affected areas · topical · q8-12h · Until clinical resolution · Often used for otitis externa or localized cutaneous candidiasis/malassezia.
Cats
- Topical antifungal therapy · apply to affected areas · topical · q8-12h · Until clinical resolution · Often used for otitis externa or localized cutaneous candidiasis/malassezia.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
TopicalPO
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to nystatin
不良反應
- Generally well tolerated due to lack of systemic absorption
- Rarely GI upset if given orally (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Mild irritation or hypersensitivity at the site of topical application (rare)
監測
- Resolution of clinical signs of fungal/yeast infection
- Skin/ear cytology to confirm clearance of Malassezia or Candida
過量
Overdose is highly unlikely to cause systemic toxicity due to the lack of gastrointestinal absorption. Massive oral overdose may cause mild gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhea).
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。