奧比沙星
Orbifloxacin
4-fluoroquinolone
別名: Orbax · Posatex · Marufloxacin · Orbifloxacino · Orbifloxacinum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 2.5 mg/kg-7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Urinary tract infections (cystitis) and skin/soft tissue infections (wounds and abscesses) | 2.5-7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Bacterial cystitis | 2.5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Skin and other soft tissue infections | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Otitis | 2-8 drops per ear | topical | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Tablets. Higher end of the dosing range may be necessary in hospitalized patients, those with underlying disease, structural alterations, or infections caused by 'problem' pathogens.
- Urinary tract infections (cystitis) and skin/soft tissue infections (wounds and abscesses): Suspension.
- Otitis: Number of drops is determined by the weight of the dog.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 2.5 mg/kg-7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Skin infections (wounds and abscesses) | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Skin and other soft tissue infections | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Tablets. Higher end of the dosing range may be necessary for complicated infections.
- Skin infections (wounds and abscesses): Suspension. For susceptible strains of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. multocida.
- Skin and other soft tissue infections: Caution with higher doses due to risk of retinal blindness.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
奧比沙星是一種主要用於獸醫學的合成廣效氟喹諾酮類抗生素。它具有濃度依賴性殺菌活性和顯著的抗生素後效應 (PAE)，這意味著即使藥物濃度降至最低抑菌濃度 (MIC) 以下，細菌生長仍會受到抑制。
它對需氧革蘭氏陰性桿菌（例如大腸桿菌、克雷伯氏菌、變形桿菌、腸桿菌、巴斯德氏菌）和某些革蘭氏陽性球菌（例如中間葡萄球菌、金黃色葡萄球菌）非常有效。
臨床要點： 與其他氟喹諾酮類藥物一樣，奧比沙星對專性厭氧菌和大多數腸球菌的療效較差。為促進負責任的抗生素使用，應保留用於細菌培養和藥敏試驗表明必須使用的感染。
作用機制
Fluoroquinolones exert their bactericidal effect by targeting two essential bacterial enzymes:
- DNA Gyrase (Topoisomerase II): The primary target in gram-negative bacteria. It prevents the relaxation of positively supercoiled DNA, which is required for normal transcription and replication.
- Topoisomerase IV: The primary target in gram-positive bacteria. It interferes with the separation of interlinked replicated DNA molecules.
Mechanism Pathway: Orbifloxacin binds to the enzyme-DNA complex → inhibits DNA replication and transcription → induces double-stranded DNA breaks → rapid bacterial cell death.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Immature dogs during the rapid growth phase (2-8 months in small/medium breeds; up to 18 months in large/giant breeds)
- Known hypersensitivity to orbifloxacin or other quinolones
- Giant-breed dogs <18 months old
- Large breeds <12 months old
- Small and medium-sized breeds <8 months old
- Pregnant or lactating bitches
- Animals intended for breeding
- Animals <4 months of age (otic preparation)
- Animals with a ruptured tympanum (otic preparation)
不良反應
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Arthropathies (cartilage damage) in immature, growing animals
- Potential retinal toxicity/blindness in cats (rare, but reported with higher doses of fluoroquinolones)
- CNS stimulation (rare)
- Cartilage abnormalities in growing animals
- CNS adverse effects (potentiated by NSAIDs)
- Retinal blindness in cats (dose-dependent)
注意事項
Use with caution in animals with known or suspected CNS disorders (e.g., seizure disorders) as fluoroquinolones have rarely been associated with CNS stimulation. Safety in breeding or pregnant dogs and cats has not been established. Use higher dosages carefully in cats due to the potential risk of retinal toxicity.
藥物相互作用
Cations (Mg++, Al+++, Ca++) bind to orbifloxacin and prevent its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
Unpredictable synergism may occur against some bacteria (particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
May exacerbate nephrotoxicity and reduce the metabolism of systemic cyclosporine.
May increase the AUC and elimination half-life of fluoroquinolones.
Severe hypoglycemia is possible.
Decreased orbifloxacin absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
Increased methotrexate levels possible, resulting in toxicity.
May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use is not recommended.
May alter phenytoin levels.
Blocks tubular secretion, potentially increasing blood levels and half-life of orbifloxacin.
May inhibit absorption of orbifloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
May increase theophylline blood levels.
Potential for increased warfarin effects.
Binds fluoroquinolones, preventing GI absorption
Inhibits absorption; separate dosing by at least 2 hours
May reduce the clearance of fluoroquinolones
Decreased metabolism and increased nephrotoxicity
Decreased metabolism and increased nephrotoxicity
May increase anticoagulant action
Potentiates CNS adverse effects (seizures)
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Gastrointestinal signs (appetite, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Vision changes or pupillary dilation in cats
- Neurological signs (seizures) in predisposed patients
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Nearly completely absorbed after oral administration in dogs and cats. In horses, oral bioavailability is approximately 70%.
分佈
Distributes well into tissues. Volume of distribution (Vd) is 1.5 L/kg in dogs and 1.4 L/kg in cats. Protein binding is low (8% in dogs, 15% in cats, approx. 20% in horses).
代謝
Approximately 50% of the drug is excreted unchanged.
排除
Eliminated primarily via the kidneys. Urine levels remain well above MICs for susceptible organisms for at least 24 hours after dosing.
過量
In dogs, receiving up to 5X the maximum dose (37.5 mg/kg) for 30 days did not result in any significant adverse effects. In cats, receiving higher dosages exhibited soft feces and decreased body weight gains.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral tablets
- 30 mg/ml oral suspension
- 8.5 mg/ml otic drops (combined with mometasone and posaconazole)
獸醫用
- Orbifloxacin Oral Tablets: 5.7 mg, 22.7 mg, 68 mg (Orbax)
- Orbifloxacin Oral Suspension: 30 mg/mL (Orbax Suspension)
- Orbax 30 mg/ml oral suspension
- Posatex otic drops
各地核准狀態
POM-V
POM-V
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Tablets should be stored between 2-30°C (36-86°F) and protected from excessive moisture. Oral suspension should be stored between 2-25°C (36-77°F); it does not require refrigeration. Store upright and shake well before use. Compounded mixtures with calcium or magnesium (e.g., Lixotinic) show significant inactivation within 4 days.
飼主須知
- 給藥方式： 請嚴格按照獸醫的指示給藥。即使您的寵物看起來已經好轉，也不要提早停藥，以防止產生抗藥性感染。
- 食物交互作用： 請勿將此藥物與乳製品（如起司或牛奶）、制酸劑或含有鈣、鐵或鋅的補充劑同時餵食。這些物質會阻礙藥物吸收。請將這些食物與藥物間隔至少 2 小時。
- 副作用： 最常見的副作用是嘔吐、腹瀉或食慾不振。如果這些症狀變得嚴重，請聯繫您的獸醫。
貓咪主人的重要注意事項： 這種藥物極少數情況下會引起貓咪的視力問題。如果您發現貓咪的瞳孔異常放大或似乎有視力障礙，請立即停藥並聯繫您的獸醫。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。