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奧昔布寧

Oxybutynin

Oxybutynin chloride

泌尿生殖道平滑肌鬆弛劑 / 抗痙攣藥POtopical狗貓

別名: Ditropan XL · Oxytrol · Gelnique · Lyrinel · oxybutinyn HCl · 5058 · MJ4309-1 · oxybutynini hydrochloridum · Oxybutynin HCl · Oxybutynine

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

0.2 mg/kgPO· q8-12h
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
To decrease bladder contractility (detrusor hyperreflexia)0.2 mg/kgPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
To decrease bladder contractility (detrusor hyperreflexia)1.25-5 mg (total dose)POq8-12h—🌎 NA
To decrease bladder contractility (detrusor hyperreflexia)2-5 mg (total dose)POq8-12h—🌎 NA
Detrusor hyperreflexia (refractory incontinence)0.2 mg/kgPOq8-12h—🌍 EU
  • To decrease bladder contractility (detrusor hyperreflexia): Most dogs are dosed at 1.25-3.75 mg (total dose) q12h. Juvenile animals may require a prolonged dosing interval.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
To decrease bladder contractility (detrusor hyperreflexia)0.5-1 mg (total dose)POq8-12h—🌎 NA
To decrease bladder contractility (detrusor hyperreflexia)0.5-1.25 mg per catPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
Detrusor hyperreflexia0.5-1.25 mg per catPOq8-12h—🌍 EU
  • To decrease bladder contractility (detrusor hyperreflexia): Juvenile animals may require a prolonged dosing interval.

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

奧昔布寧是一種泌尿生殖道平滑肌鬆弛劑和抗膽鹼藥物。在獸醫學中，主要作為輔助療法，用於治療犬隻的​逼尿肌反射亢進​（膀胱過動症或急迫性尿失禁），以及患有貓白血病病毒（FeLV）相關逼尿肌不穩定的貓咪。

主要臨床重點：

  • 作為泌尿道抗痙攣藥，可增加膀胱容量並減少不受抑制的收縮。
  • 兼具直接平滑肌鬆弛特性與抗膽鹼作用。
  • ​臨床提示：​ 由於其抗膽鹼特性，對於副交感神經張力降低會使病情惡化的患者（如青光眼、胃腸道停滯、心搏過速性心律不整），應極度謹慎使用。

作用機制

Oxybutynin exerts its effects via a dual mechanism of action on the lower urinary tract:

  1. ​Antimuscarinic (atropine-like) effect:​ It competitively antagonizes acetylcholine at postganglionic muscarinic receptors. It has a high affinity for M1, M2, and M3 receptors, with M3 being the primary receptor mediating bladder detrusor contraction.
  2. ​Direct spasmolytic (papaverine-like) effect:​ It directly relaxes smooth muscle independent of its anticholinergic activity.

These combined actions → relaxation of the bladder detrusor muscle → increased maximum bladder capacity → decreased frequency and amplitude of uninhibited detrusor contractions → delayed initial desire to void.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Obstructive GI tract disease
  • Intestinal atony or paralytic ileus
  • Angle closure glaucoma
  • Hiatal hernia
  • Cardiac disease (especially mitral stenosis, arrhythmias, tachycardia, CHF)
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Prostatic hypertrophy
  • Severe ulcerative colitis
  • Urinary retention or other obstructive uropathies
  • Obstructive GI disease
  • Gastrooesophageal reflux
  • Obstructive urinary disease

不良反應

  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Urinary retention
  • Hypersalivation
  • Sedation
  • Dry mouth (xerostomia)
  • Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
  • Tachycardia
  • Anorexia
  • Vomiting
  • Weakness
  • Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
  • Diarrhoea
  • Skin reactions
  • Palpitations
  • Confusion

注意事項

Use only when benefits outweigh risks in patients with GI obstruction, ileus, glaucoma, cardiac disease, myasthenia gravis, hyperthyroidism, prostatic hypertrophy, or urinary retention. Safety during pregnancy is not firmly established (FDA Category B); animal studies show no teratogenic effects. May inhibit lactation, though no documented problems in nursing offspring have been noted.

藥物相互作用

Anticholinergic agents (e.g., atropine, propantheline, tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines)

May intensify oxybutynin's anticholinergic adverse effects.

Azole antifungals (e.g., ketoconazole)

May inhibit metabolism and increase oxybutynin systemic levels.

CNS depressantsModerate

May exacerbate the sedating effects of oxybutynin.

Macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, clarithromycin)

May inhibit metabolism and increase oxybutynin systemic levels.

Anticholinergic agentsMajor

Additive anticholinergic side effects (e.g., severe constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia)

Azole antifungalsModerate

Potential CYP inhibition leading to increased oxybutynin plasma concentrations

Macrolide antibioticsModerate

Potential CYP inhibition leading to increased oxybutynin plasma concentrations

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (reduction in urinary incontinence or frequency)
  • Adverse effects (signs of anticholinergic toxicity such as dry mouth, tachycardia, constipation, or urinary retention)
  • Urinary output and frequency
  • Heart rate
  • Bowel movements (monitor for constipation)
  • Signs of excessive sedation

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓Short狗Short (extrapolated from human data, ~2-3 hours)

吸收

Rapidly and well absorbed from the GI tract.

分佈

Distributes into the brain, lungs, kidneys, and liver.

代謝

Metabolized in the liver.

排除

Excreted in the urine.

過量

Overdosage can lead to severe anticholinergic toxicity.

  • ​CNS effects:​ Restlessness, excitement, seizures.
  • ​Cardiovascular effects:​ Hypertension or hypotension, tachycardia, circulatory failure.
  • ​Other signs:​ Fever, nausea, vomiting.
  • ​Massive overdose:​ May lead to paralysis, coma, respiratory failure, and death.

​Treatment:​ Consists of general techniques to limit GI absorption (e.g., emesis, activated charcoal) and supportive care. Intravenous physostigmine may be useful to reverse severe anticholinergic signs.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral tablets
  • Oral extended-release tablets
  • Oral syrup
  • Transdermal patch
  • Topical gel
  • 2.5 mg tablet
  • 3 mg tablet
  • 5 mg modified-release tablet
  • 10 mg modified-release tablet
  • 2.5 mg/5 ml oral solution

人用標示

  • Oxybutynin Chloride Oral Tablets: 5 mg
  • Oxybutynin Chloride Oral Extended release tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg & 15 mg
  • Oxybutynin Chloride Oral Syrup: 1 mg/mL
  • Oxybutynin Chloride Transdermal System, Topical: 36 mg (delivering 3.9 mg/day)
  • Oxybutynin Topical Gel: 10%
  • Ditropan
  • Lyrinel
  • Oxybutynin generics

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA

POM (Prescription Only Medicine). Used under the cascade.

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD

POM (Prescription Only Medicine). Used under the cascade.

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Tablets and oral solution should be stored at room temperature in tight containers. Protect oral solution from light. Tablets have an expiration date of 4 years after manufacture.

飼主須知

奧昔布寧用於幫助放鬆膀胱，減少尿液滲漏或膀胱痙攣。

​寵物主人重要注意事項：​

  • ​請嚴格按照處方給藥。​ 未經獸醫師同意，請勿自行更改劑量。
  • ​注意副作用：​ 由於此藥物會減少身體分泌物，您的寵物可能會出現口乾（舔嘴唇、飲水量增加）或眼睛乾澀的情況。
  • ​觀察排泄習慣：​ 如果您的寵物出現便秘，或似乎排尿困難卻無法排出尿液（尿瀦留），請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
  • 請將藥物存放在室溫下，並將液體劑型避光保存。

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