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氧四環黴素（眼用）

Oxytetracycline (Ophthalmic)

Oxytetracycline hydrochloride

抗生素 - 四環黴素類（眼用）topical ophthalmicPOIMSCIV狗貓

別名: Terramycin · Engemycin · Oxycare · Oxytetracycline/Polymyxin B · OTC

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

WHO 高度重要抗生素 — 建議負責任地使用
10 mg/kgIM/SC· q24h· Not specified
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible infections10 mg/kgIM/SCq24hNot specified🌍 EU
Susceptible infections50 mg/kg loading dose, then 25 mg/kgPOq12hup to 5 days🌍 EU
  • Susceptible infections: Give oral dose on an empty stomach.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Chlamydial/Mycoplasma keratoconjunctivitisApply 4 times dailytopical ophthalmicq6h3-4 weeks🌎 NA
Susceptible infections (when no other agent is suitable)10 mg/kgIM/SCq24hNot specified🌍 EU
  • Chlamydial/Mycoplasma keratoconjunctivitis: Dramatic improvement should be noted in 3-4 days, but treatment should continue for 3-4 weeks for Chlamydia to break the reproductive cycle. Better treatment is oral doxycycline 25 mg PO twice daily for three weeks.
  • Susceptible infections (when no other agent is suitable): Only use in cats when no other agent is suitable.

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概覽

​氧四環黴素​是一種屬於四環黴素類的廣效抑菌抗生素。

  • ​獸醫應用：​ 在獸醫眼科中，最常用於治療貓的披衣菌（Chlamydia felis）和黴漿菌（Mycoplasma）結膜炎，以及未確診結膜炎的非特異性或症狀性治療。
  • ​劑型：​ 市面上常見的眼藥膏配方會結合​多黏菌素B (Polymyxin B)​，以擴大其抗菌譜，涵蓋多種革蘭氏陰性菌（如綠膿桿菌）。

作用機制

Oxytetracycline is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.

  • It reversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible organisms.
  • This binding blocks the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex → inhibits the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain → halts bacterial growth and replication.
  • The addition of Polymyxin B (in commercial ointments) disrupts the bacterial cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria, altering permeability and causing cell death.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Known hypersensitivity to tetracyclines or polymyxin B
  • Use of concentrated cattle/sheep depot formulations in small animals
  • Pregnancy (last 2-3 weeks)
  • Neonates (first month of life)
  • Use in cats unless absolutely necessary

不良反應

  • Local irritation
  • Hypersensitivity reactions (rare)
  • Potential for overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms (e.g., fungi) with prolonged use
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Depression
  • Hepatotoxicity (rare)
  • Fever
  • Hypotension (following IV administration)
  • Anorexia (especially in cats)
  • Superinfections (with prolonged use)
  • Renal tubular functional changes
  • Teeth staining in developing animals

注意事項

Expect potential recurrence after discontinuation of topical treatment from organisms dormant in the nasal passage. Oral doxycycline is considered a better treatment to eliminate the carrier state of Chlamydia in cats.

藥物相互作用

PenicillinsModerate

Bactericidal action of penicillins may be inhibited by oxytetracycline

Antacids (Mg, Ca, Al)Major

Binds tetracycline, significantly reducing its GI absorption

Food or Milk productsMajor

Binds tetracycline, reducing its absorption

MethoxyfluraneMajor

May increase the nephrotoxic effects

TheophyllineModerate

GI effects of tetracyclines may be increased

監測

  • Resolution of clinical signs (conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, ocular discharge)
  • Signs of local irritation or hypersensitivity
  • Renal function (BUN, Creatinine, Urinalysis)
  • Hydration status
  • Gastrointestinal signs

藥物動力學

吸收

Minimal systemic absorption following topical ophthalmic application.

分佈

Distributes locally into the tear film and superficial ocular tissues.

代謝

Undergoes enterohepatic recirculation.

排除

Excreted unchanged in urine and bile.

過量

Topical overdose is highly unlikely to cause systemic toxicity. If severe local irritation occurs, flush the eye with sterile saline and discontinue use.

可用產品

劑型

  • Ophthalmic ointment (5 mg/g Oxytetracycline HCl with 10,000 Units/g Polymyxin B Sulfate)
  • Injectable: 100 mg/ml solution
  • Oral: 50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg tablets

獸醫用

  • Oxytetracycline HCl 5 mg/Polymyxin B Sulfate 10,000 Units/gm: 3.5 gram tubes; Terramycin® Ophthalmic Ointment
  • Engemycin (100 mg/ml injectable)
  • Oxycare (50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg tablets)

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V classification

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V classification

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at controlled room temperature away from moisture and excessive heat. Keep tube tightly closed when not in use.

飼主須知

  • ​給藥方式：​ 點藥前後請洗手。請勿讓管口接觸眼睛、眼瞼或任何表面，以免污染。
  • ​療程：​ 即使眼睛在幾天後看起來已經完全恢復，也必須按照指示持續治療整整 3-4 週。過早停藥可能導致感染復發。
  • ​預期效果：​ 您應該會在 3 到 4 天內看到貓咪的眼睛有顯著改善。
  • ​注意：​ 獸醫師可能會建議使用口服藥物（如多喜黴素 Doxycycline）來代替或搭配此眼藥膏，以徹底清除貓咪體內的感染源。

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