鴉片全鹼
Papaveretum
Mixture of opium alkaloids
別名: Omnopon · Opium alkaloids
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesia / Sedation | 0.2-0.8 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | PRN | Duration of action is approximately 4 hours | 🌍 EU |
- Analgesia / Sedation: Use lower doses IV; only use higher doses when deep sedation is required. Often given as part of a combination for sedation.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesia / Sedation | 0.2-0.3 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | PRN | Duration of action is approximately 4 hours | 🌍 EU |
- Analgesia / Sedation: Often given as part of a combination for sedation.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
鴉片全鹼是一種鴉片生物鹼的混合物，含有相當於85.5%無水嗎啡、6.8%無水可待因和7.8%罌粟鹼的成分。主要用於圍手術期的中度至重度疼痛管理，並可納入鎮靜和麻醉前用藥方案中以提供更好的鎮靜和鎮痛效果。其作用與嗎啡相似，作用時間約為4小時。
臨床警告： 對於犬貓的單次或重複推注，應優先使用美沙酮（Methadone）作為合法的替代藥物。鴉片全鹼在犬貓的術後鎮痛中並不廣泛使用，但常與阿塞丙嗪（Acepromazine）結合使用，為具攻擊性的犬隻提供良好的鎮靜效果。
作用機制
Papaveretum provides analgesia primarily mediated by acting as an agonist at the mu (μ) opioid receptor in the central nervous system. This binding inhibits the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters (such as Substance P) → altering the perception of and response to pain.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- No specific contraindications available, but use with caution in patients with impaired liver function or pregnant animals near parturition.
不良反應
- Vomiting (common)
- Respiratory depression (especially IV during general anaesthesia)
- Constriction of gastrointestinal sphincters (e.g., pyloric sphincter)
- Reduction in gastrointestinal motility
- Sedation in neonates (crosses placenta)
注意事項
Normal safety and handling precautions should be observed.
Respiratory Monitoring: Respiratory depression may occur when given IV during general anaesthesia due to increased anaesthetic depth. Respiratory function must be monitored in anaesthetized patients.
Variable Response: The response to all opioids is highly variable between individual patients; imperative to assess pain after administration.
Hepatic Impairment: Metabolized in the liver; prolonged effects may be seen in patients with impaired liver function.
Pregnancy: Crosses the placenta and may exert sedative effects in neonates born to bitches treated prior to parturition.
藥物相互作用
Increased CNS or respiratory depression
Increased CNS or respiratory depression
Increased CNS or respiratory depression
Increased CNS or respiratory depression; often used together intentionally for deep sedation
Increased CNS or respiratory depression
監測
- Respiratory rate and depth (especially under general anaesthesia)
- Pain scores (due to variable individual response)
- Level of sedation
- Heart rate and blood pressure
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Well absorbed following IM or SC administration.
分佈
Crosses the placenta and can affect neonates.
代謝
Metabolized in the liver.
排除
Excreted primarily via the kidneys as metabolites.
過量
Overdose can lead to severe respiratory depression, profound sedation, and potentially cardiovascular collapse. Severe adverse effects can be treated and reversed with the opioid antagonist naloxone.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable solution: 7.7 mg/ml (equivalent to 5 mg anhydrous morphine/ml)
- Injectable solution: 15.4 mg/ml (equivalent to 10 mg anhydrous morphine/ml)
- Injectable solution: 15.4 mg/ml papaveretum and 0.4 mg/ml hyoscine (scopolamine)
獸醫用
- Omnopon Injectable solution
- Papaveretum Injectable solution
各地核准狀態
POM CD SCHEDULE 2
POM CD SCHEDULE 2
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store according to local regulations for Schedule 2 Controlled Drugs. Keep in a locked receptacle. Protect from light.
飼主須知
這是一種強效的管制止痛藥，通常在獸醫院內於手術前或手術中以注射方式給予。
- 它能非常有效地止痛，但可能會導致您的寵物感到噁心或嘔吐。
- 它可能會讓您的寵物感到相當嗜睡。
- 如果您的寵物在接受此藥物後不久即出院，請將牠們安置在安靜、舒適的地方並觀察其呼吸狀況。如果牠們顯得過度昏睡或呼吸困難，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。