石蠟 / 礦物油
Paraffin
Liquid paraffin / Mineral oil
別名: Katalax · Lacri-Lube · Liquid paraffin oral emulsion · Simple Eye Ointment · Mineral oil · White soft paraffin · Petrolatum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
各物種劑量
此藥的劑量資料尚未收錄於 VetSheet 藥典，以下其他章節資料完整。處方前請參閱最新藥品說明書。
概覽
石蠟（液體石蠟或礦物油）在獸醫學中廣泛用作潤滑性瀉藥和眼科人工淚液。口服時用於治療便秘和毛球症（特別是貓）。局部使用時，用於潤滑眼睛並防止淚液蒸發。
臨床提示： 口服液體石蠟時必須極度小心，因為有引發吸入性肺炎的嚴重風險。它無味且不會引起嘔吐反射，若強行餵食極易導致誤吸。
作用機制
Paraffin has two distinct mechanisms depending on the route of administration:
- Gastrointestinal (Laxative): Acts as an emollient laxative. It coats the feces and intestinal mucosa → interferes with intestinal water resorption → softens stools and facilitates passage.
- Ophthalmic (Lubricant): Acts as a lipid-based tear substitute. It mimics the lipid layer of the tear film → prevents aqueous tear evaporation and protects the corneal surface.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Dysphagia or impaired gag reflex
- Vomiting patients
- Concurrent use with docusate sodium
- Prolonged daily use (due to vitamin malabsorption)
不良反應
- Aspiration pneumonia (if inhaled during oral administration)
- Anal seepage / oily perianal soiling
- Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (with chronic oral use)
- Granulomatous reactions (if absorbed into intestinal mucosa)
注意事項
WARNING: Never force-feed liquid paraffin via syringe. The lack of taste prevents the gag reflex, leading to silent aspiration and severe, often fatal, lipoid pneumonia. Always allow the animal to lick it voluntarily or mix it with food.
藥物相互作用
Decreased intestinal absorption of vitamins with chronic paraffin use
May increase the systemic absorption of mineral oil, leading to granuloma formation
監測
- Resolution of constipation
- Signs of respiratory distress or coughing (indicating possible aspiration)
- Fecal consistency
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Minimal systemic absorption from the gastrointestinal tract under normal conditions.
分佈
Remains primarily in the GI lumen or on the ocular surface.
代謝
Not metabolized.
排除
Excreted unchanged in the feces.
過量
Overdosage via the oral route primarily results in diarrhea, anal seepage, and profound perianal soiling. Chronic overdosage may lead to deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral paste (white soft paraffin)
- Oral emulsion (50/50 oil/water mix)
- Ophthalmic ointment (3.5 g, 4 g, 5 g)
獸醫用
- Katalax (white soft paraffin paste)
人用標示
- Lacri-Lube (ophthalmic ointment)
- Liquid paraffin oral emulsion
- Simple Eye Ointment
各地核准狀態
Available OTC as a laxative and ophthalmic lubricant.
Available as a Pharmacy (P) or general sales list medicine depending on formulation.
Classified as a Pharmacy (P) medicine in the UK.
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature. Keep containers tightly closed.
飼主須知
請勿用注射器強迫您的寵物吞嚥液體石蠟，因為它很容易誤入氣道並造成嚴重、危及生命的肺部損傷。如果用於治療毛球或便秘，請讓您的寵物自願舔食或將其混入食物中。如果使用眼藥膏，請按照指示塗抹，不要讓管口接觸到眼睛。口服使用時可能會導致直腸有油性滲出物。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。