副痘病毒免疫調節劑
Parapox ovis virus immunomodulator
Inactivated Parapox ovis virus
別名: Zylexis · PPOV · PIND-ORF · Baypamune
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aid in reducing upper airway disease caused by herpesvirus types 1 and 4 | 2 mL IM | IM | Repeat doses on days 2 and 9 following the initial dose | 3 doses total | 🌎 NA |
| Hyper-responding or delayed uterine clearance (DUC) broodmares | A single IM dose | IM | Once | The day before breeding | 🌎 NA |
- Aid in reducing upper airway disease caused by herpesvirus types 1 and 4: Retreatment is recommended during subsequent disease episodes or prior to stress inducing situations.
- Hyper-responding or delayed uterine clearance (DUC) broodmares: Followed by 12 mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate IV at the time of breeding and 1 mL (20 Units) oxytocin and 1 mL (250 micrograms) estradiol with or without uterine lavage 6 hours later.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
副痘病毒免疫調節劑是一種生物免疫刺激劑，主要用於獸醫學中以增強非特異性免疫反應。
主要特點包括：
- 副免疫誘導劑：它利用一種去活化（死）病毒，該病毒原本會引起羊的「傳染性膿疱症」（orf）。
- 馬匹應用：在美國，它被標示用於4個月及以上的健康馬匹，以幫助減少由馬皰疹病毒1型和4型（EHV-1和EHV-4）引起的上呼吸道疾病。
- 繁殖應用：標示外用法中，它被用於患有延遲性子宮清除（DUC）或子宮過度反應的繁殖母馬的繁殖療程中。
- 小動物應用：雖然在美國未標示用於小動物，但類似產品（如Baypamun®）在歐洲已被用於犬貓，以在病毒感染或壓力期間刺激非特異性免疫。
臨床提示：由於病毒已被去活化，它不會在接受治療的動物身上引起疾病。它純粹作為一種誘餌，用來喚醒宿主的先天免疫系統。
作用機制
The drug acts as a paramunity inducer through a process known as viral interference.
- Mechanism: The inactivated parapoxvirus "infects" host cells with a defective, non-replicating viral particle.
- Immune Activation: This pseudo-infection $\rightarrow$ triggers the host's innate immune system $\rightarrow$ leading to the induction and release of interferons, cytokines, and colony-stimulating factors.
- Cellular Response: It also stimulates the activation of natural killer (NK) cells, which help clear pathogenic viruses before they can establish a robust infection.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Prior hypersensitivity to the agent
不良反應
- Anaphylaxis (rare but possible)
注意事項
Hypersensitivity Risk: As with any biologic product, anaphylaxis is possible. Epinephrine (or an equivalent) should be readily available when administering this product.
Regulatory Warning: This is a USDA-licensed biologic, not an FDA-approved drug. Do not administer to horses within 21 days of slaughter.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (improvement in respiratory infection signs or uterine clearance)
- Signs of anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity immediately post-injection
藥物動力學
吸收
Effects on the immune system are reported to occur 4-6 hours after treatment.
排除
Immunomodulatory effects persist for 1-2 weeks.
過量
No specific information is available regarding acute toxicity or overdosage. Given its nature as an inactivated biologic, massive toxicity is unlikely, though the risk of immune-mediated or injection-site reactions may increase.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection: Freeze-dried inactivated virus powder for reconstitution with sterile diluent
獸醫用
- Zylexis® Injection: Boxes of 5-single dose vials for reconstitution with 5-2mL vials of sterile diluent
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store refrigerated (2-8°C). Do not freeze. After reconstituting with the provided diluent, the entire contents should be used immediately.
飼主須知
您的獸醫為您的馬匹開立了一種免疫刺激劑。
- 作用原理：這種藥物就像是馬匹免疫系統的「喚醒信號」，幫助牠抵抗特定的呼吸道病毒（如馬皰疹病毒），或協助繁殖母馬的繁殖治療。
- 如何運作：它含有一種不會引起疾病的死病毒，能欺騙身體產生強大的自然免疫防禦。
- 注意事項：雖然通常非常安全，但任何注射用的生物製劑都有極小機率引起過敏反應。注射後請觀察您的馬匹是否有面部腫脹、蕁麻疹、呼吸困難或嚴重嗜睡的跡象，若有發生請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
- 屠宰警告：請勿在給藥後21天內將其用於供人類食用的馬匹。
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