巴龍黴素
Paromomycin
Paromomycin sulfate
別名: Humatin · Gabbromicina · Gabbroral · Gabroral · Humagel · Kaman · Sinosid · aminosidin sulphate · aminosidine sulphate · catenulin sulphate · crestomycin sulphate · hydroxymycin sulphate · monomycin A sulphate · neomycin E sulphate · paucimycin sulphate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of cryptosporidiosis | 125-165 mg/kg | PO | twice daily | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of cryptosporidiosis | 150 mg/kg | PO | once a day | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of cryptosporidiosis: Caution: nephrotoxicity.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of cryptosporidiosis | 125-165 mg/kg | PO | twice daily | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of cryptosporidiosis | 150 mg/kg | PO | once a day | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of cryptosporidiosis | 150 mg/kg | PO | q12-24hr | Until 1 week past clinical resolution of diarrhea | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of cryptosporidiosis: Consider using an alternate treatment first (e.g., azithromycin) or paromomycin at an initially reduced dosage level.
- Treatment of cryptosporidiosis: Caution: nephrotoxicity.
- Treatment of cryptosporidiosis: If the cat is responding to the first 7 days of therapy and toxicity has not been noted.
爬蟲類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of cryptosporidiosis | 300-800 mg/kg | PO | q24-48h | 7-14 days or as needed | 🌎 NA |
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in Camelids (crias) | 50 mg/kg | PO | once per day (assumed) | 5-10 days | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in Camelids (crias): Dosing interval not specified in original source, assumed once per day by Plumb.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
巴龍黴素是一種口服氨基糖苷類抗生素，主要在獸醫學中用於其抗寄生蟲特性，特別是針對隱孢子蟲 (Cryptosporidium spp.) 和 利什曼原蟲 (Leishmania spp.)。由於其結構與新黴素 (neomycin) 相似，在胃腸道黏膜完整時幾乎不被吸收，從而能在腸道內局部作用於病原體。
臨床重點： 雖然對腸道原蟲有效，但其在貓的使用極具爭議，因為即使沒有明顯的胃腸道潰瘍，也有報告指出會引起嚴重的全身性毒性（包括急性腎損傷、耳毒性和失明）。許多臨床獸醫師傾向於在貓身上使用如阿奇黴素 (azithromycin) 等替代療法。
作用機制
Paromomycin binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible organisms → causes misreading of mRNA → inhibits protein synthesis, leading to cell death. In protozoa such as Leishmania, it is believed to target the mitochondria and ribosomes, disrupting cellular respiration and protein synthesis.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to paromomycin
- Ileus or intestinal obstruction
- Gastrointestinal ulceration
- Presence of blood in the stool (indicates mucosal breakdown and risk of systemic absorption)
不良反應
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Inappetence
- Nonsusceptible bacterial or fungal overgrowth
- Nephrotoxicity (if systemically absorbed)
- Ototoxicity (if systemically absorbed)
- Pancreatitis (if systemically absorbed)
- Blindness (reported in cats)
注意事項
Use with extreme caution in cats. Because of potential severe toxicity (renal dysfunction, ototoxicity, blindness), some clinicians recommend avoiding this drug entirely in felines.
Do not use in animals with blood in the stool, as this signals compromised intestinal integrity, allowing the drug to be absorbed systemically and causing severe nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, or pancreatitis.
Use with caution in patients with any form of intestinal ulceration.
藥物相互作用
Paromomycin may reduce digoxin absorption
Paromomycin may reduce methotrexate absorption
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of diarrhea, negative fecal tests)
- Gastrointestinal adverse effects
- Renal function (especially if used in cats or if GI ulceration is suspected)
藥物動力學
吸收
Very poorly absorbed when given orally in patients with an intact gastrointestinal tract.
分佈
Acts locally within the gastrointestinal lumen. Systemic distribution is minimal unless the GI mucosa is ulcerated or compromised.
代謝
Not significantly metabolized.
排除
Excreted primarily unchanged in the feces.
過量
Because paromomycin is not absorbed orally, acute overdose adverse effects should be limited to gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) in patients with an intact GI system.
Chronic overdoses or administration in patients with compromised GI mucosa may lead to severe systemic toxicity, including nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and pancreatitis.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral capsules
人用標示
- Paromomycin Sulfate Oral Capsules: 250 mg (Humatin®, generic)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Paromomycin capsules should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C; 59-86°F) in tight containers.
飼主須知
- 除非獸醫師另有指示，請隨餐給藥。
- 觀察糞便： 如果您發現寵物糞便中有血，請立即停藥並聯絡您的獸醫，因為這會增加嚴重副作用的風險。
- 密切注意腎臟問題的跡象（如飲水或排尿習慣改變）、聽力喪失或視力變化，特別是在貓咪身上。
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