戊巴比妥安樂死劑
Pentobarbital Euthanasia Agents
Pentobarbital sodium, Phenytoin sodium
別名: Beuthanasia-D Special · Euthasol · Euthanasia-III · Somnasol · Fatal-Plus · Pentasol · Sleepaway · SP5 · Socumb-6gr · Somlethol · SP6 · Euthanasia solution · Pentobarbital/Phenytoin
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euthanasia (Pentobarbital sodium single agent) | Approximately 120 mg/kg for the first 4.5 kg of body weight, and 60 mg/kg for every 4.5 kg of body weight thereafter. | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Euthanasia (Pentobarbital sodium with phenytoin) | 1 mL for each 4.5 kg of body weight. | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Euthanasia (Pentobarbital sodium single agent): Preferably administer IV.
- Euthanasia (Pentobarbital sodium with phenytoin): Beuthanasia-D Special.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euthanasia (Pentobarbital sodium single agent) | Approximately 120 mg/kg for the first 4.5 kg of body weight, and 60 mg/kg for every 4.5 kg of body weight thereafter. | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Euthanasia (Pentobarbital sodium with phenytoin) | 1 mL for each 4.5 kg of body weight | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Euthanasia (Pentobarbital sodium single agent): Administer IV.
- Euthanasia (Pentobarbital sodium with phenytoin): Not FDA-approved for use in this species.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euthanasia | 10-15 mL per 100 pounds of body weight. | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Euthanasia: Depending on product concentration. Must not be used in animals to be consumed.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euthanasia | 10-15 mL per 100 pounds of body weight. | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Euthanasia: Depending on product concentration. Must not be used in animals to be consumed.
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euthanasia | 10-15 mL per 100 pounds of body weight. | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Euthanasia: Depending on product concentration. Must not be used in animals to be consumed.
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euthanasia | 10-15 mL per 100 pounds of body weight. | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Euthanasia: Depending on product concentration. Must not be used in animals to be consumed.
山羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euthanasia | 10-15 mL per 100 pounds of body weight. | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Euthanasia: Depending on product concentration. Must not be used in animals to be consumed.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
戊巴比妥類安樂死溶液用於非食用動物的快速、人道安樂死。
主要臨床重點：
- 首選方法： 根據AVMA指南，靜脈注射（IV）巴比妥酸衍生物是狗、貓、其他小動物及馬匹安樂死的黃金標準與首選方法。
- 替代途徑： 當靜脈注射會引起痛苦或危險時，可使用腹腔注射（IP）。心內注射（IC）僅能在動物處於重度鎮靜、無意識或麻醉狀態下使用。
- 配方： 部分產品將戊巴比妥與苯妥英結合（例如 Beuthanasia-D Special），以提供額外的心臟抑制效果，並將其管制級別從二級改為三級管制藥品。
注意： 使用戊巴比妥安樂死的動物遺體可能因組織殘留而被化製廠拒收，並對食腐野生動物構成二次中毒風險。
作用機制
Pentobarbital is a short-acting barbiturate that acts as a positive allosteric modulator at GABA_A receptors, enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA.
- At the massive doses used for euthanasia, it causes profound, irreversible central nervous system (CNS) depression.
- This leads to severe depression of the medullary respiratory and vasomotor centers → apnea → hypoxia → cardiac arrest.
Phenytoin (when included) is an antiarrhythmic/anticonvulsant that, at toxic doses, causes direct myocardial depression and cardiovascular collapse, ensuring rapid cessation of cardiac activity.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Animals intended for food purposes (human or animal consumption)
不良反應
- Minor muscle twitching post-injection
- Delayed death or incomplete euthanasia if administered perivascularly
- Agonal breathing (terminal gasp)
注意事項
Important Safety Warnings:
- Storage: Must be stored securely so it will not be confused with therapeutic agents. Keep strictly out of reach of children.
- Handling: Exercise extreme care when handling filled syringes. Dispose of used injection equipment properly to prevent accidental human exposure.
- Human Exposure: Avoid any contact with open wounds or accidental injection. Accidental human injection can be fatal.
- Pre-medication: Prior use of a tranquilizing or sedative agent may be necessary and is highly recommended when the animal is in pain, agitated, or fractious.
- Environmental: Renderers may not accept carcasses euthanized with pentobarbital. Proper disposal (e.g., deep burial, cremation) is required to prevent secondary toxicosis in scavenging wildlife (e.g., eagles, coyotes).
監測
- Respiratory rate
- Cardiac rate
- Corneal reflex
過量
Not applicable. This agent is specifically designed and administered to induce humane death.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable solution
- Powder for injection
獸醫用
- Pentobarbital Sodium 390 mg/mL & Phenytoin Sodium 50 mg/mL for Injection (Beuthanasia-D Special, Euthasol, Euthanasia-III Solution, Somnasol)
- Pentobarbital Sodium Powder 392 mg/mL when constituted (Fatal-Plus Powder, Pentasol Powder)
- Pentobarbital Sodium for Injection 260 mg/mL (Sleepaway)
- Pentobarbital Sodium for Injection 324 mg/mL (SP5)
- Pentobarbital Sodium for Injection 389 mg/mL (Socumb-6gr, Somlethol, SP6)
- Pentobarbital Sodium for Injection 390 mg/mL (Fatal-Plus Solution)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Should be stored in such a manner that these products will not be confused with therapeutic agents. Keep out of reach of children. Controlled substance regulations apply (Class-II or Class-III depending on formulation).
飼主須知
安樂死過程中的預期情況： 與心愛的寵物告別是非常艱難的。了解這個過程有助於提供一些內心的平靜。
- 無痛過程： 藥物作用非常迅速，基本上是提供大劑量的麻醉。您的寵物會在幾秒鐘內進入深度且無痛的睡眠，隨後心跳停止。
- 鎮靜： 獸醫通常會先給予鎮靜劑或止痛藥，讓您的寵物在最後注射前完全放鬆且舒適。
- 正常反射： 在寵物離世後，您可能會注意到一些自然反射。這些不是生命跡象或疼痛的表現，而僅僅是身體放鬆的結果：
- 臨終喘息： 動物在失去意識後可能會出現突然的深呼吸或「喘息」。
- 肌肉抽搐： 可能會發生輕微的肌肉抽搐或痙攣。
- 眼睛睜開： 寵物離世時通常不會閉上眼睛。
- 失去控制： 隨著肌肉完全放鬆，膀胱或腸道可能會排泄。
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