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戊聚糖多硫酸鈉

Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium

Linear polymers of beta-1->4-linked xylose sulfated at the 2- and 3- positions

抗發炎藥、骨關節炎疾病修飾劑POIMSCIntra-articular狗貓馬

別名: PPS · Cartrophen-Vet · Elmiron · Pentosan Equine · pentosan polysulphate sodium · PZ-68 · sodium xylanpolysulphate · SP-54 · Fibrase · Fibrezym · Fibrocid · Hemoclar · Polyanion · Thrombocid

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

20 mg/kg PO twice weekly for 5 weeksPO· twice weekly· 5 weeks
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Osteoarthritis (High loading dose for treatment of OA signs of pain, lameness and stiffness)20 mg/kg PO twice weekly for 5 weeksPOtwice weekly5 weeks🌎 NA
Osteoarthritis (Medium Loading dose for management of OA after joint surgery)10 mg/kg PO once weekly for 12 weeksPOonce weekly12 weeks🌎 NA
Osteoarthritis (Maintenance dose)10 mg/kg once weekly for 4 weeks as neededPOonce weekly4 weeks🌎 NA
Osteoarthritis3 mg/kg IM or SC on four occasions with an interval of 5-7 days between injectionsIM/SCq5-7d4 doses🌎 NA
  • Osteoarthritis (High loading dose for treatment of OA signs of pain, lameness and stiffness): Always give on an empty stomach.
  • Osteoarthritis (Medium Loading dose for management of OA after joint surgery): Always give on an empty stomach.
  • Osteoarthritis (Maintenance dose): Always give on an empty stomach.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Persistent or recurrent FLUTD2-16 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
Persistent or recurrent FLUTD8 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
  • Persistent or recurrent FLUTD: Recent studies have not shown any statistical benefit.
  • Persistent or recurrent FLUTD: Recent studies have not shown any statistical benefit.

馬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Osteoarthritis3 mg/kg IM on four occasions with an interval of 7 days between injections.IMq7d4 doses🌎 NA
OsteoarthritisInject mixture back into jointIntra-articularOnce—🌎 NA
  • Osteoarthritis: Prepare site as for surgery. Avoid iodine based skin preps; use neutral soapless cleanser. Withdraw ~1 mL synovial fluid, mix with pentosan in syringe, inject back. Firmly bandage and confine for 3-4 hours. Rest horse for 2 weeks, follow with 2 weeks graded walking.

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

正在為病患診症？VetSheet 的 AI 會把藥物、劑量與療程直接寫入結構化診症筆記。了解 VetSheet 如何運作

概覽

​戊聚糖多硫酸鈉 (PPS)​ 是一種半合成、類似肝素的大分子碳水化合物衍生物，提取自山毛櫸半纖維素。在獸醫學中，它主要被用作​骨關節炎疾病修飾劑 (DMOAD)​，以及下泌尿道疾病的輔助治療。

主要臨床應用包括：

  • ​骨關節炎 (OA)：​ 用於犬、貓和馬，以改善關節功能、減輕發炎並促進軟骨健康。
  • ​貓自發性下泌尿道疾病 (FLUTD) / 間質性膀胱炎：​ 標示外使用，幫助修復膀胱尿路上皮的保護性糖胺聚醣 (GAG) 層，儘管其對短期急性發作的臨床療效尚無充分文獻證實。

​臨床提示：​ 雖然結構上與肝素相似，但其抗凝血活性明顯較弱（約為肝素的 1/15）。然而，對於有出血性疾病或即將接受手術的病患，仍需謹慎使用。

作用機制

Pentosan polysulfate sodium exhibits multiple pharmacological effects depending on the target tissue:

  • ​Osteoarthritis (Disease-Modifying Effects):​
    • ​Inhibits catabolic enzymes:​ Downregulates ​matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)​ and aggrecanases that degrade articular cartilage.
    • ​Stimulates matrix synthesis:​ Promotes the synthesis of hyaluronic acid by synovial fibroblasts and preserves proteoglycan content within the cartilage matrix.
    • ​Improves microcirculation:​ Its mild anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, and hypolipidemic properties help mobilize thrombi and lipid deposits in subchondral blood vessels, thereby increasing synovial blood flow and nutrition to the joint.
  • ​Interstitial Cystitis / FLUTD:​
    • ​Urothelial Protection:​ Excreted partially unchanged in the urine, PPS adheres to the mucosal membranes of the bladder wall. It acts as a synthetic glycosaminoglycan (GAG) buffer, preventing irritating urinary solutes and toxins from reaching and damaging the underlying transitional epithelial cells.
    • ​Analgesia:​ Provides mild local analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects within the bladder wall.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Known hypersensitivity to pentosan polysulfate sodium
  • Patients with active bleeding disorders
  • Use with caution prior to surgery

不良反應

  • Vomiting
  • Anorexia
  • Lethargy
  • Mild depression
  • Bleeding or prolonged coagulation times (dose-dependent increase in PTT in horses)
  • Transient increases in liver enzymes (reported in humans)

注意事項

​Bleeding Risk:​ Because pentosan has mild anticoagulant properties, bleeding is possible in any species. Use with extreme caution in animals receiving other drugs that affect coagulation or those undergoing stressful exercise or surgery.

  • ​Oral Administration in Cats:​ Dosing twice daily can be stressful for both the cat and the owner.
  • ​Surgical Procedures:​ Consider withholding treatment prior to major surgical interventions due to the potential for increased surgical bleeding.

藥物相互作用

NSAIDs (e.g., carprofen, meloxicam)

May increase the risk of bleeding due to concurrent effects on coagulation and platelet function; use cautiously.

Aspirin

Increased risk of bleeding due to combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects.

Heparin

Additive anticoagulant effects; increased risk of hemorrhage.

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (improvement in lameness/mobility for OA, or reduction in urinary signs for FLUTD)
  • Signs of bleeding or bruising
  • Intra-articular bleeding (when administered directly into joints)

藥物動力學

吸收

In rats, 10-20% of the calcium derivative is absorbed orally. In humans, only about 3% of an oral dose of pentosan polysulfate sodium is absorbed.

分佈

Distributes primarily to the uroepithelium of the genitourinary tract. Smaller concentrations are found in the liver, spleen, lung, skin, bone marrow, and periosteum.

代謝

About two-thirds of absorbed drug is desulfated in the liver and spleen within one hour.

排除

About 3.5% of the absorbed drug is excreted into the urine.

過量

Information regarding overdoses is limited.

  • ​Potential Signs:​ Overdoses could potentially cause bleeding, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal distress, and liver function abnormalities.
  • ​Treatment:​ Treatment recommendations are basically supportive in nature. If an acute oral overdose occurs, consider standard protocols for drug removal from the gut (e.g., emesis, activated charcoal) if performed promptly.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral capsules
  • Injectable solution (IM, SC, Intra-articular)

獸醫用

  • Cartrophen-Vet Oral Capsules: 100 mg (pentosan polysulfate calcium) - Not available in USA
  • Pentosan 100 Injection: 100 mg/mL - Not available in USA
  • Cartrophen-Vet Injection: 100 mg/mL - Not available in USA
  • Pentosan Equine Injection: 250 mg/mL - Not available in USA

人用標示

  • Elmiron Oral Capsules: 100 mg

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Unless otherwise labeled, store oral pentosan products at controlled room temperature (15-30°C; 59-86°F). Injectable pentosan products should be stored under refrigeration and protected from light.

飼主須知

​給寵物主人的指引：​

  • ​用途：​ 此藥物用於幫助控制關節炎引起的關節疼痛和發炎，或幫助舒緩患有慢性泌尿道問題貓咪的膀胱內膜。
  • ​給藥方式：​
    • ​請空腹餵食​以確保最佳吸收效果。
    • 對於服用人類膠囊劑型的貓咪，劑量通常為半顆膠囊。您的獸醫師可能會指示您將一半的粉末倒入新的空明膠膠囊中，以方便餵藥。
  • ​注意事項：​ 因為此藥物具有輕微的抗凝血（稀釋血液）作用，請注意寵物是否有異常出血、瘀青或排出黑色/柏油狀糞便。如果發現這些症狀，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
  • ​副作用：​ 偶爾可能會出現輕微的腸胃不適（嘔吐、食慾不振）或嗜睡。如果這些情況持續存在，請告知您的獸醫師。
  • ​安全性：​ 未經獸醫師同意，請勿給您的寵物服用任何非處方止痛藥（如阿斯匹靈），因為這會增加出血的風險。

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