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苯丙醇胺

Phenylpropanolamine

Phenylpropanolamine HCl

擬交感神經藥物PO狗貓

別名: Proin · Propalin · Cystolamine · Uricon · Uriflex-PT · Urilin · PPA · dl-norephedrine · Diphenylpyraline

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

12.5-50 mg (total dose) or 1-2 mg/kg PO q8hPO· q8h
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Urethral sphincter hypotonus12.5-50 mg (total dose) or 1-2 mg/kg PO q8hPOq8h—🌎 NA
Urethral sphincter hypotonusDogs weighing less than 40 lbs: ½ capsule PO daily. Dogs 40-100 lbs: 1 capsule PO daily. Dogs weighing >100 lbs: 1.5 capsules PO per day.POq24h—🌎 NA
Urethral sphincter hypotonus1-1.5 mg/kg PO two to three times a dayPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
Urethral sphincter hypotonus5-50 mg per dog PO q8h or 1.5 mg/kg PO q8h-12hPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
Retrograde ejaculation3-4 mg/kg PO twice dailyPOq12h—🌎 NA
  • Urethral sphincter hypotonus: Using the time-release 75 mg capsules
  • Urethral sphincter hypotonus: Controls 74-92% of dogs with primary sphincter mechanism incontinence. Over half of dogs not responding to regular PPA will respond to sustained-release PPA.
  • Retrograde ejaculation: May be tried

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Urethral sphincter hypotonus12.5 mg PO q8hPOq8h—🌎 NA
Urethral sphincter hypotonus1-1.5 mg/kg PO q8hPOq8h—🌎 NA
Urethral sphincter hypotonus1.1 -2.2 mg/kg PO two to three times dailyPOq8-12h—🌎 NA

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

苯丙醇胺 (PPA) 是一種非選擇性擬交感神經胺，在獸醫學中主要用於治療與​尿道括約肌機能不全 (USMI)​ 相關的​尿失禁​，特別是在已結紮的雌性犬隻中。

雖然它過去曾被用作鼻腔去充血劑，但其主要的獸醫適應症依賴於它能增加膀胱頸和近端尿道平滑肌張力的能力。

​臨床要點：​

  • PPA 對於犬隻後天性尿失禁非常有效，成功率通常超過 75-85%。
  • 由於它是一種擬交感神經藥物，可能會引起全身性腎上腺素能副作用，最明顯的是高血壓和行為改變（焦躁不安、焦慮）。
  • 在美國，由於其可能被用作合成甲基安非他命的前驅物，因此被列為第一類化學品，購買時可能會受到特定限制。

作用機制

Phenylpropanolamine acts primarily as an indirect-acting sympathomimetic, though it may have some direct receptor agonist activity.

  • ​Mechanism:​ It stimulates the release of endogenous norepinephrine from presynaptic nerve terminals.
  • ​Pathway:​ Released norepinephrine binds to alpha-1 adrenergic receptors located in the smooth muscle of the internal urethral sphincter and bladder neck → increased sphincter tone → prevention of urine leakage.
  • It also stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors, which can contribute to systemic cardiovascular effects (e.g., increased heart rate and contractility).
  • ​Note:​ Prolonged use or excessive dosing frequency can theoretically deplete norepinephrine from storage sites, leading to tachyphylaxis (decreased response), though this is rarely documented in dogs or cats treated for incontinence.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Glaucoma
  • Prostatic hypertrophy
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Cardiovascular disorders
  • Hypertension
  • Severe renal or hepatic disease

不良反應

  • Restlessness
  • Anxiety
  • Irritability
  • Urine retention
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Anorexia
  • Rare reports of 'stroke' in dogs
  • Panting

注意事項

Use with caution in patients with glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, or hypertension. May cause decreased ovum implantation, though clinical experience has not demonstrated untoward effects during pregnancy.

藥物相互作用

HalothaneMajor

Increased risk of arrhythmias. Propranolol may be administered should these occur.

Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors (e.g., amitraz, selegiline)

Should not be given within two weeks of receiving MAOIs due to risk of severe hypertension and toxicity.

NSAIDs (including aspirin)

Increased chance of hypertension if given concomitantly.

Reserpine

Increased chance of hypertension if given concomitantly.

Other Sympathomimetic Agents (e.g., ephedrine)

Should not be administered together as increased toxicity may result.

Tricyclic Antidepressants (e.g., clomipramine, amitriptyline)

Increased chance of hypertension if given concomitantly.

NSAIDsModerate

Increased risk of hypertension

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)Major

Risk of severe hypertensive crisis

Tricyclic AntidepressantsMajor

Increased sympathomimetic effects and risk of hypertension

監測

  • Clinical effectiveness (reduction in urine leakage)
  • Adverse effects (restlessness, irritability, anorexia)
  • Blood pressure
  • Clinical response (reduction in urinary incontinence)
  • Heart rate and rhythm
  • Behavioral changes (restlessness, pacing)

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓Unknown狗Approximately 3 to 4 hours

吸收

In humans, readily absorbed after oral administration. Onset of action is about 15-30 minutes with a duration of effect lasting approximately 3 hours (regular capsules/tablets).

分佈

Reportedly distributed into various tissues and fluids, including the CNS. Unknown if it crosses the placenta or enters milk.

代謝

Partially metabolized to an active metabolite.

排除

80-90% is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours of dosing.

過量

Clinical signs of overdosage may consist of an exacerbation of adverse effects (restlessness, anxiety).

​Severe Overdose Signs:​

  • ​Cardiovascular:​ Hypertension to rebound hypotension, bradycardias to tachycardias, and cardiovascular collapse.
  • ​CNS:​ Stimulation progressing to coma.
  • Case report: A dog ingesting 48 mg/kg developed ventricular tachycardia and myocardial necrosis (resolved within 6 months).

​Treatment:​

  • If recent, empty the stomach using usual precautions and administer charcoal and a cathartic.
  • Treat clinical signs supportively.

  • ​WARNING:​ Do NOT use propranolol to treat hypertension in bradycardic patients. Do NOT use atropine to treat bradycardia.

  • Hypertension may be managed with a phenothiazine (e.g., acepromazine at very low doses such as 0.02 mg/kg IV or IM). If unsuccessful, consider a CRI of nitroprusside.
  • Contact an animal poison control center for further guidance.

可用產品

劑型

  • Chewable tablets
  • Timed-release capsules
  • Oral solution
  • 40 mg/ml syrup
  • 15 mg tablet
  • 50 mg tablet

獸醫用

  • Phenylpropanolamine Chewable Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, & 75 mg (Proin, Propalin, Uriflex-PT, Uricon)
  • Phenylpropanolamine Timed-Release Capsules: 75 mg (Cystolamine)
  • Phenylpropanolamine oral solution: 25 mg/mL in 60 mL bottles (Proin Drops); 50 mg/mL in 30 mL and 100 mL bottles
  • Propalin 40 mg/ml syrup
  • Urilin 40 mg/ml syrup
  • Proin 15 mg tablets
  • Proin 50 mg tablets

人用標示

  • Removed from the US market due to potential adverse effects in humans.

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs

Classified as POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinary).

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs

Classified as POM-V.

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store phenylpropanolamine products at room temperature in light-resistant, tight containers.

飼主須知

​重要提示​：為了使本藥物發揮效用，必須嚴格按照獸醫的指示給藥。漏服會導致藥效降低並引起尿失禁復發。

  • 藥物可能需要幾天的時間才能發揮全部療效。
  • 此藥物用於控制尿失禁，但無法治癒該疾病；通常需要長期使用。
  • ​何時應聯繫獸醫​：如果您的寵物出現持續的行為改變（例如過度喘氣、焦躁不安、來回踱步或易怒）、食慾不振，或者尿失禁持續存在或加重，請聯繫您的獸醫。

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