福爾可定
鎮咳藥 (鴉片類衍生物)
福爾可定是可待因的衍生物，具有鎮咳作用和輕度鎮靜特性，但無鎮痛效果。與可待因相比，其引發依賴性的可能性較低。主要用於無法消除病因且咳嗽已對動物健康造成損害的咳嗽抑制（例如慢性支氣管炎、氣管或主支氣管塌陷）。
作用機制: Pholcodine depresses the cough reflex by acting directly on the **cough centre** in the central nervous system (CNS) → suppression of the medullary cough center.
各物種劑量
Dogs
- Cough suppression · 0.1-0.2 mg/kg · PO · q6h · As needed · Up to 4 times daily
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
PO
禁忌症
- Respiratory depression
- Raised intracranial pressure
不良反應
- Sedation
- Constipation (less severe than codeine)
- Anaphylaxis (reported in humans)
藥物相互作用
- Tramadol · Increased risk of CNS and respiratory depression · major
- Other opiates · Additive CNS and respiratory depression · major
監測
- Respiratory rate and effort
- Level of sedation
- Fecal output (monitor for constipation)
過量
Overdose may result in exaggerated opiate effects, including severe **sedation**, **respiratory depression**, and potentially coma. Treatment is supportive; naloxone may be considered as an opioid antagonist if severe respiratory depression occurs.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。