多黏菌素 B
Polymyxin B
別名: Surolan · Polyfax · Polymyxin B sulfate
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劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| External pseudomonal infections (e.g., keratoconjunctivitis, otitis externa) | Apply topically as directed by specific product formulation | topical | As directed | Until clinical resolution | 🌍 EU |
- External pseudomonal infections (e.g., keratoconjunctivitis, otitis externa): Do not use if tympanum is ruptured.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| External pseudomonal infections (e.g., keratoconjunctivitis, otitis externa) | Apply topically as directed by specific product formulation | topical | As directed | Until clinical resolution | 🌍 EU |
- External pseudomonal infections (e.g., keratoconjunctivitis, otitis externa): Do not use if tympanum is ruptured.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
多黏菌素 B (Polymyxin B) 是一種多肽類抗生素，主要對革蘭氏陰性菌（特別是綠膿桿菌）有效。革蘭氏陽性菌通常具有抗藥性。
臨床警告： 由於具有強烈的腎毒性，本藥物不適合全身性給藥，僅限於局部皮膚、眼科及耳科使用。由於其強鹼性特質，口服不會從胃腸道吸收。
作用機制
Acts as a cationic surface-acting agent → binds to the bacterial cell membrane → causes concentration-dependent disruption of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria → leakage of intracellular contents and cell death.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Ruptured tympanic membrane (tympanum)
- Systemic administration
不良反應
- Nephrotoxicity (if absorbed systemically)
- Ototoxicity (potential, especially if tympanic membrane is ruptured)
- Local irritation
注意事項
Do not use systemically as it is highly nephrotoxic. Otic use: Ensure the tympanic membrane is intact before application to prevent ototoxicity.
藥物相互作用
Acts synergistically by disrupting the outer and cytoplasmic membranes, improving penetration of other agents into bacterial cells.
Cationic detergents potentiate the antibacterial effects of polymyxin B against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Chelating agents potentiate the antibacterial effects of polymyxin B against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
監測
- Resolution of clinical signs (ear, eye, or skin infection)
- Tympanic membrane integrity (must be verified before otic use)
藥物動力學
吸收
Not absorbed from the GI tract due to its strongly basic nature. Minimal systemic absorption from intact skin or mucous membranes.
分佈
Acts locally at the site of application.
代謝
Not specified for topical use.
排除
Not specified for topical use.
過量
Systemic absorption (e.g., from ingestion of large amounts or application to extensive deep wounds) can lead to severe nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity/ototoxicity. Treatment is supportive.
可用產品
劑型
- Topical suspension (combined with miconazole and prednisolone)
- Topical ointment (combined with bacitracin)
獸醫用
- Surolan (5,500 IU polymyxin/ml suspension combined with miconazole and prednisolone)
人用標示
- Polyfax (10,000 IU polymyxin/g ointment combined with bacitracin)
各地核准狀態
Available in various topical veterinary combinations.
POM-V classification.
POM-V, POM classification.
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Normal precautions should be observed. Store at room temperature unless otherwise directed by the specific product label.
飼主須知
請嚴格按照獸醫指示塗抹。
重要提示： 如果懷疑寵物的耳膜破裂，請勿使用於耳部。
如果寵物出現聽力下降、歪頭、失去平衡或局部刺激/紅腫加重的跡象，請立即停藥並聯絡獸醫。塗抹後請洗手。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。