檸檬酸鉀
Potassium citrate
Tripotassium citrate
別名: Cystopurin · Potassium citrate BP · Tripotassium citrate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
各物種劑量
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概覽
檸檬酸鉀是一種口服鹼化劑，主要用於預防和管理犬貓的草酸鈣尿結石。它透過提高尿液pH值並與尿中的鈣結合來發揮作用。
臨床提示： 雖然對預防草酸鈣有效，但不應用於患有鳥糞石的病患，因為鳥糞石在鹼性尿液中容易形成。
作用機制
Enhances renal tubular resorption of calcium, and alkalinizes urine.
→ Citrate is metabolized in the liver to bicarbonate, which increases systemic blood and urine pH. → Citrate also binds to calcium in the urine, forming soluble calcium citrate complexes, thereby reducing the availability of calcium to form insoluble calcium oxalate crystals.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Renal failure or severe renal impairment
- Hyperkalemia
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Struvite urolithiasis (requires acidic urine)
不良反應
- Gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Hyperkalemia (rare if renal function is normal)
注意事項
Monitor serum potassium levels, especially in patients with compromised renal function or those on concurrent medications that increase potassium. Monitor urine pH to ensure target alkalinity (typically pH 7.0-7.5) is achieved without over-alkalinizing, which could predispose the patient to calcium phosphate or struvite crystal formation.
藥物相互作用
Increased risk of hyperkalemia due to potassium-sparing effects
Increased risk of hyperkalemia
May increase the risk of hyperkalemia in compromised patients
監測
- Urine pH
- Serum potassium levels
- Renal function (BUN, Creatinine)
- Urinalysis (for crystal formation)
藥物動力學
吸收
Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
分佈
Widely distributed throughout the body.
代謝
Metabolized in the liver to bicarbonate.
排除
Excreted primarily via the kidneys.
過量
Overdosage may lead to hyperkalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Clinical signs of hyperkalemia include muscle weakness, bradycardia, and potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Treatment involves discontinuing the supplement, administering non-potassium containing IV fluids, and potentially using calcium gluconate, dextrose, and insulin in severe cases.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral: 30% solution
- Various oral preparations
獸醫用
- Various preparations (AVM-GSL)
人用標示
- Cystopurin
- Potassium citrate BP
各地核准狀態
Available as general sales list or nutritional supplement
Authorised Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature in a tightly closed container, protected from light and moisture.
飼主須知
請隨餐餵食以減少腸胃不適。確保您的寵物隨時有充足的新鮮飲水。未經獸醫同意，請勿自行更改劑量，因為過量可能導致血液中鉀離子濃度或尿液pH值發生危險變化。如果發現寵物嘔吐、腹瀉、虛弱或排尿習慣改變，請立即聯繫獸醫。
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