普多沙星
Pradofloxacin
別名: Veraflox
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 3-5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | As directed by clinician based on infection type | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible bacterial infections: See guidelines on responsible antibacterial use
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 3-5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | As directed by clinician based on infection type | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 5.0 mg/kg | PO | q24h | As directed by clinician based on infection type | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible bacterial infections: Tablet formulation
- Susceptible bacterial infections: Suspension formulation
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
普多沙星 (Pradofloxacin) 是一種第三代廣效獸醫專用氟喹諾酮類抗生素。它對多種革蘭氏陰性菌和革蘭氏陽性菌具有濃度依賴性的殺菌活性，且與早期的氟喹諾酮類藥物相比，對厭氧菌的抗菌效果有顯著提升。
臨床警告： 氟喹諾酮類藥物應保留用於經細菌培養和藥敏試驗證實有效，且第一線和第二線抗菌藥物無效的感染。
臨床小提示： 普多沙星具有極佳的脂溶性，能深入組織，包括泌尿生殖道和前列腺。特定適應症包括淺層和深層膿皮症、傷口感染（假中間葡萄球菌）、泌尿道感染（大腸桿菌、假中間葡萄球菌）、嚴重的牙周病（紫單胞菌屬、普雷沃氏菌屬）以及急性嚴重的上呼吸道感染。
作用機制
Pradofloxacin is a concentration-dependent bactericidal antibiotic. It works by entering the bacterial cell and inhibiting two key enzymes: DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV.
Inhibition of these enzymes → prevents DNA supercoiling and uncoiling → blocks bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair → rapid bacterial cell death.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Pregnant or lactating animals
- Dogs < 12 months of age (< 18 months for giant breeds)
- Cats < 6 weeks of age
- Animals with persistent cartilage lesions
- Dogs or cats with neurological disease (especially epilepsy)
不良反應
- Mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
注意事項
Cartilage Toxicity: Do not use in growing animals (dogs <12 months, giant breeds <18 months, cats <6 weeks) due to the risk of arthropathy and cartilage lesions. Neurological Risk: Do not use in patients with a history of seizures or central nervous system disorders, as fluoroquinolones can lower the seizure threshold. Antimicrobial Stewardship: Use should be based on culture and susceptibility testing to prevent the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
藥物相互作用
Binds fluoroquinolones, preventing absorption from the GI tract
Inhibits absorption; separate dosing by at least 2 hours
Inhibits absorption; separate dosing by at least 2 hours
Increases plasma theophylline concentrations
May reduce the clearance of fluoroquinolones
May decrease metabolism and increase nephrotoxicity; concurrent use best avoided
May decrease metabolism and increase nephrotoxicity; concurrent use best avoided
May increase the action of orally administered anticoagulants
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Gastrointestinal signs
- Neurological status (especially in predisposed animals)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Well absorbed following oral administration.
分佈
Exceptional lipid solubility, attaining high concentrations especially in the urogenital tract including the prostate gland.
代謝
Hepatic metabolism.
排除
Excreted via renal and biliary/fecal routes.
過量
Overdose may increase the risk of gastrointestinal upset, neurological signs (tremors, seizures), and cartilage damage in growing animals. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Emptying the stomach and administering activated charcoal may be beneficial if ingestion was recent.
可用產品
劑型
- 15 mg tablet
- 60 mg tablet
- 120 mg tablet
- 25 mg/ml oral solution
獸醫用
- Veraflox 15 mg tablets
- Veraflox 60 mg tablets
- Veraflox 120 mg tablets
- Veraflox 25 mg/ml oral suspension
各地核准狀態
Approved in the US only as an oral suspension for cats. Tablets are not approved for dogs in the US due to bone marrow suppression concerns at higher doses.
POM-V classification.
POM-V classification.
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature. Keep oral suspension tightly closed and use within the manufacturer's specified discard time after opening.
飼主須知
普多沙星是一種用於治療嚴重細菌感染的強效抗生素。
- 給藥方式： 通常可與食物一起或空腹給予。若使用口服懸液，使用前請搖勻。
- 藥物交互作用： 請勿與乳製品、制酸劑或含有鈣、鐵、鋅或鎂的補充劑同時餵食，請至少間隔 2 小時。
- 完整療程： 即使您的寵物看起來已經康復，也請務必完成整個處方療程，以防止產生抗藥性細菌。
- 副作用： 注意是否有輕微的腸胃不適（嘔吐、腹瀉或食慾不振）。如果出現這些情況，或發現寵物有異常行為、發抖或行走困難，請聯繫您的獸醫師。
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