普多沙星
**普多沙星 (Pradofloxacin)** 是一種第三代廣效獸醫專用氟喹諾酮類抗生素。它對多種革蘭氏陰性菌和革蘭氏陽性菌具有濃度依賴性的殺菌活性，且與早期的氟喹諾酮類藥物相比，對厭氧菌的抗菌效果有顯著提升。 > **臨床警告：** 氟喹諾酮類藥物應保留用於經細菌培養和藥敏試驗證實有效，且第一線和第二線抗菌藥物無效的感染。 **臨床小提示：** 普多沙星具有極佳的脂溶性，能深入組織，包括泌尿生殖道和前列腺。特定適應症包括淺層和深層膿皮症、傷口感染（假中間葡萄球菌）、泌尿道感染（大腸桿菌、假中間葡萄球菌）、嚴重的牙周病（紫單胞菌屬、普雷沃氏菌屬）以及急性嚴重的上呼吸道感染。
作用機制: Pradofloxacin is a concentration-dependent bactericidal antibiotic. It works by entering the bacterial cell and inhibiting two key enzymes: **DNA gyrase** (topoisomerase II) and **topoisomerase IV**. Inhibition of these enzymes → prevents DNA supercoiling and uncoiling → blocks bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair → rapid bacterial cell death.
各物種劑量
- Susceptible bacterial infections · 3-5 mg/kg · PO · q24h · As directed by clinician based on infection type · See guidelines on responsible antibacterial use
- Susceptible bacterial infections · 3-5 mg/kg · PO · q24h · As directed by clinician based on infection type · Tablet formulation
- Susceptible bacterial infections · 5.0 mg/kg · PO · q24h · As directed by clinician based on infection type · Suspension formulation
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Pregnant or lactating animals
- Dogs < 12 months of age (< 18 months for giant breeds)
- Cats < 6 weeks of age
- Animals with persistent cartilage lesions
- Dogs or cats with neurological disease (especially epilepsy)
不良反應
- Mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
藥物相互作用
- Antacids (Mg2+, Al3+) · Binds fluoroquinolones, preventing absorption from the GI tract · major
- Sucralfate · Inhibits absorption; separate dosing by at least 2 hours · major
- Zinc salts · Inhibits absorption; separate dosing by at least 2 hours · moderate
- Theophylline · Increases plasma theophylline concentrations · major
- Cimetidine · May reduce the clearance of fluoroquinolones · moderate
- Ciclosporin · May decrease metabolism and increase nephrotoxicity; concurrent use best avoided · major
- Tacrolimus · May decrease metabolism and increase nephrotoxicity; concurrent use best avoided · major
- Oral anticoagulants · May increase the action of orally administered anticoagulants · moderate
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Gastrointestinal signs
- Neurological status (especially in predisposed animals)
過量
Overdose may increase the risk of gastrointestinal upset, neurological signs (tremors, seizures), and cartilage damage in growing animals. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Emptying the stomach and administering activated charcoal may be beneficial if ingestion was recent.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。