吡喹酮
Praziquantel
Prazinoisoquinoline derivative
別名: Droncit · Drontal Plus · Profender · Quest Plus · Equimax · Zimecterin Gold · Virbantel · Panacur Plus · Biltricide · Milbemax · Broadline · Milpro · EMBAY-8440 · praziquantelum · Bio-Cest · Cercon · Cesol · Cestox · Cisticid · ComboCare · Cysticide · Ehliten · Extiser Q · Mycotricide · Opticide · Praquantel · Prasikon · Prazite · Prozitel · Sincerck · Teniken · Waycital · Zifartel · PZQ
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
經審核的 v13 劑量證據
結構化劑量計算證據Praziquantel as a single agent (extra-label) — Alaria spp
須由已驗證獸醫確認
替代給藥時間表（只選其一）
- once
- q24h · for 2 to 10 days
NA
必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (4)
- NOTE: For dosages of other combination products that contain praziquantel, see Emodepside/Praziquantel, Eprinomectin/ Praziquantel, Ivermectin, Lufenuron, Milbemycin Oxime, Moxidectin/Moxidectin Combination Products, and Pyrantel.
- Praziquantel as a single agent (extra-label):
- ■ This medicine can be given with or without food. The tablets may be crushed or mixed with food. Your animal does not need to have food withheld prior to treatment.
- Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, praziquantel tablets should be stored in tight containers at room temperature (25°C Products [77°F]). Protect from light. Praziquantel injection should be stored at or below 25°C (77°F) and not allowed to freeze. Vials of praziquantel injection should be used within 6 months of first vial puncture and discarded after a maximum number of punctures (10 mL vial, 25 times; 50 mL vial, 90 times).
Praziquantel as a single agent (extra-label) — Adjunctive treatment of flukes (Nanophyetus salmincola) associated with Salmon poisoning
須由已驗證獸醫確認
- once
NA
必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (4)
- NOTE: For dosages of other combination products that contain praziquantel, see Emodepside/Praziquantel, Eprinomectin/ Praziquantel, Ivermectin, Lufenuron, Milbemycin Oxime, Moxidectin/Moxidectin Combination Products, and Pyrantel.
- Praziquantel as a single agent (extra-label):
- ■ This medicine can be given with or without food. The tablets may be crushed or mixed with food. Your animal does not need to have food withheld prior to treatment.
- Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, praziquantel tablets should be stored in tight containers at room temperature (25°C Products [77°F]). Protect from light. Praziquantel injection should be stored at or below 25°C (77°F) and not allowed to freeze. Vials of praziquantel injection should be used within 6 months of first vial puncture and discarded after a maximum number of punctures (10 mL vial, 25 times; 50 mL vial, 90 times).
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
吡喹酮是一種高效、廣效的抗絛蟲和抗吸蟲驅蟲藥，廣泛應用於獸醫學中。
主要臨床特點包括：
- 廣效性： 對犬貓的主要絛蟲種類（包括犬複孔絛蟲、帶絛蟲屬和包生絛蟲屬）具有高度療效。
- 抗吸蟲效力： 也可用於標示外治療多種吸蟲感染（例如肺吸蟲、肝吸蟲）。
- 高安全性： 通常非常安全，儘管注射劑型可能會引起短暫的局部疼痛或輕微的全身症狀。
- 合併療法： 經常與其他抗寄生蟲藥物（如食子酸嘧啶、非班太爾、伊維菌素或莫昔克丁）合併使用，以提供全面的體內寄生蟲控制。
臨床要點： 由於吡喹酮會破壞寄生蟲的體壁，蟲體通常會被宿主消化。因此，在成功治療後，糞便中很少會觀察到完整的絛蟲。
作用機制
Praziquantel's exact mechanism is not fully elucidated, but it rapidly penetrates the parasite and alters the permeability of the cell membranes.
- Ion Flux Alteration: Interacts with phospholipids in the parasite's integument → induces rapid intracellular influx of calcium ions (Ca2+), as well as sodium and potassium fluxes.
- Spastic Paralysis: The sudden calcium influx causes severe, sustained contraction and spastic paralysis of the worm's musculature, impairing sucker function and dislodging the parasite.
- Tegumental Destruction: At higher concentrations, it causes irreversible focal vacuolization → subsequent disintegration of the cestodal integument. This exposes the parasite's internal antigens to the host's immune system and renders it susceptible to digestion by host enzymes.
- Trematodes: Directly kills the parasite via similar calcium-mediated focal vacuolization and subsequent phagocytosis.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Puppies less than 4 weeks old (for solo product)
- Kittens less than 6 weeks old (for solo product)
- Known hypersensitivity to praziquantel
- Unweaned puppies or kittens (unlikely to be affected by tapeworms at this age)
- Animals weighing < 1 kg (specifically for spot-on preparations)
不良反應
- Oral (uncommon, <5%): Anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, salivation (cats)
- Injectable (dogs): Pain at injection site, vomiting, drowsiness, staggering gait
- Injectable (cats): Diarrhea, weakness, vomiting, salivation, sleepiness, transient anorexia, pain at injection site
- Diarrhoea
- Transient hypersalivation (if spot-on application site is licked)
- Localized tissue sensitivity and pain at injection site (particularly in cats)
注意事項
Age Restrictions: The manufacturer recommends not using solo praziquantel in puppies < 4 weeks or kittens < 6 weeks. However, some combination products (e.g., with febantel) are FDA-approved for puppies and kittens of all ages. Pregnancy: Considered safe to use in pregnant dogs and cats (Papich Class A). Nursing: Appears in maternal milk at ~25% of maternal serum concentration, but is unlikely to pose harm to nursing offspring.
藥物相互作用
Reportedly synergistic activity occurs in humans in the treatment of schistosomiasis; clinical implications in veterinary patients are unclear.
Can increase the area under the curve (AUC) of orally administered praziquantel by 150-200% in dogs.
Concurrent administration may significantly decrease serum praziquantel concentrations.
May decrease the metabolic clearance of praziquantel, increasing its serum levels.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of parasite infection)
- Fecal examination for tapeworm proglottids or eggs to confirm efficacy of treatment
- Monitoring for resolution of clinical signs (e.g., scooting, visible segments in feces)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapidly and nearly completely absorbed after oral administration, but undergoes a significant first-pass effect. Peak serum levels are achieved between 30-120 minutes in dogs.
分佈
Distributed widely throughout the body. It crosses the intestinal wall and penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the CNS.
代謝
Metabolized extensively in the liver via CYP3A enzymes to metabolites of unknown activity.
排除
Excreted primarily in the urine.
過量
Praziquantel has a wide margin of safety.
- Rodents: Oral LD50 is at least 2 g/kg in rats and mice.
- Dogs: An oral LD50 could not be determined because doses >200 mg/kg induce vomiting. In ASPCA APCC reports, dogs exposed to overdoses showed no clinical signs.
- Cats: Parenteral doses of 50-100 mg/kg caused transient ataxia and depression. Injected doses at 200 mg/kg were lethal. In ASPCA APCC reports, a minority of exposed cats showed clinical signs.
Treatment: Overdoses are generally self-limiting (especially oral, due to vomiting). Provide supportive care if severe neurological or gastrointestinal signs occur.
可用產品
劑型
- Chewable tablets
- Injection (solution)
- Oral gel
- Oral paste
- Oral tablets: 10 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 125 mg, 144 mg, 150 mg, 175 mg
- Topical spot-on pipettes: 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg, 75 mg, 96 mg
- Injectable solution (implied by adverse reactions profile)
獸醫用
- Praziquantel Tablets: 23 mg (feline); 34 mg (canine) (Droncit)
- Praziquantel Injection: 56.8 mg/mL in 10 mL and 50 mL vials (Droncit)
- Combination Tablets: Praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate (Drontal)
- Combination Chewable Tablets: Praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate (Virbantel)
- Combination Chewable Tablets: Fenbendazole/Ivermectin/Praziquantel (Panacur Plus Soft Chews)
- Combination Tablets: Praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate/febantel (Drontal Plus)
- Combination Oral Gel: Moxidectin 20 mg/mL / Praziquantel 125 mg/mL (Quest Plus, ComboCare)
- Combination Oral Paste: Ivermectin 1.87% / Praziquantel 14.03% (Equimax)
- Combination Oral Paste: Ivermectin 1.55% / Praziquantel 7.75% (Zimecterin Gold Paste)
- Drontal (combination)
- Milbemax (combination)
- Profender Spot-on (combination)
- Broadline Spot-on (combination)
- Milpro (combination)
- Cazitel
- Cestem
- Dolpac
- Endoguard
- Veloxa
人用標示
- Praziquantel Oral Tablets (Film-coated): 600 mg (Biltricide)
- Biltricide 600 mg tablets
各地核准狀態
Classification varies by formulation and combination (POM-V, NFA-VPS, AVM-GSL).
Available under POM-V, NFA-VPS, and AVM-GSL categories depending on the specific product and combination.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, praziquantel tablets should be stored in tight containers at room temperature. Protect from light.
飼主須知
寵物主人重要須知
- 給藥方式： 此藥物可與食物一起或空腹給予。給藥前不需要禁食。可以將藥錠壓碎或混入少量美味的食物中，以方便餵食。
- 預期情況： 治療後在寵物的糞便中沒有看到死蟲是完全正常的。吡喹酮會使絛蟲解體，隨後通常會被寵物的身體消化掉。
- 預防再次感染： 單次劑量通常能非常有效地清除目前的感染。然而，絛蟲（尤其是犬複孔絛蟲）是透過跳蚤傳播的。嚴格的跳蚤控制對於預防寵物再次感染絛蟲至關重要。如果您的寵物會狩獵或吃囓齒動物，牠們也可能有再次感染的風險。
- 副作用： 口服給藥時副作用很少見，但偶爾可能包括輕微嘔吐、流口水（尤其是貓）、嗜睡或腹瀉。如果您的寵物接受的是注射治療，注射部位可能會出現暫時性的疼痛。
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