伯氨喹
伯氨喹（Primaquine）是一種8-氨基喹啉類**抗原蟲藥**，在獸醫學中主要作為治療貓***Babesia felis***（貓巴貝斯蟲）的首選藥物。 - **臨床重點**：雖然能有效控制臨床症狀，但通常無法完全清除寄生蟲（無法達到無菌治癒），可能需要重複療程。 - 對狗的***Hepatozoon canis***（犬肝簇蟲）和鳥類的***Plasmodium spp.***（禽瘧原蟲）也具潛在療效。 - **警告**：此藥物在貓的治療指數（安全範圍）極度狹窄，給藥劑量必須極度精確。
作用機制: The exact antiprotozoal mechanism of action is not fully elucidated. - It is believed to **bind and alter protozoal DNA**. - **Pharmacological Pearl**: As an 8-aminoquinoline, it likely interferes with the parasite's mitochondrial function. It generates **reactive oxygen species (ROS)** → disrupts electron transport → causes severe cellular and oxidative damage to the protozoa.
各物種劑量
- Babesia felis · 0.5 mg (as base)/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 1-3 days · Dose is for primaquine base.
- Babesia felis · 1 mg (total dose per cat) primaquine phosphate PO every 36 hours for 4 treatments, then 1 mg (total dose) per cat every 7 days for 4 treatments · PO · q36h then q7d · 4 treatments each · The drug does not sterilize the infection.
- Babesia felis · Primaquine phosphate 1 mg/kg IM one time · IM · once · 1 time · IM dosage form must be compounded.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to primaquine
- Concurrent use of bone marrow suppressant medications
- Patients susceptible to granulocytopenia (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
不良反應
- Vomiting (most common in cats)
- Nausea
- Myelosuppression
- Methemoglobinemia
- Hemolysis
藥物相互作用
- Quinacrine · May potentiate the toxicity of one another; use of primaquine within 3 months of quinacrine is not recommended.
- Bone Marrow Depressants (e.g., amphotericin B, azathioprine, chloramphenicol, antineoplastics) · Concurrent use may cause an increased risk for toxicity and severe myelosuppression.
- Hemolytic Drugs (e.g., acetohydroxamic acid, sulfonylureas, quinidine, sulfonamides) · Concurrent use may cause an increased risk for toxicity and hemolysis.
監測
- CBC (mandatory, monitor weekly while treating)
- Improved clinical signs (increased appetite and body weight)
- Improvement in anemia
過量
> **CRITICAL**: In cats, dosages **greater than 1 mg/kg** can be lethal. - **Management**: Overdoses should initially be handled aggressively using standardized protocols for removal of the drug from the gut (emesis, activated charcoal) to prevent absorption. - Provide intensive supportive care for potential methemoglobinemia, hemolysis, and myelosuppression. - Because of the potential seriousness of overdoses, it is strongly recommended to contact an animal poison control center for guidance immediately.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。