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伯氨喹

Primaquine

Primaquine phosphate

抗原蟲藥POIM貓

別名: Generic (Sanofi Winthrop) · primachina · primachinum · primaquina · SN 13272

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

Primaquine phosphate 1 mg/kg IM one timeIM· once· 1 time
— 🐈

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Babesia felis0.5 mg (as base)/kg PO once dailyPOq24h1-3 days🌎 NA
Babesia felis1 mg (total dose per cat) primaquine phosphate PO every 36 hours for 4 treatments, then 1 mg (total dose) per cat every 7 days for 4 treatmentsPOq36h then q7d4 treatments each🌎 NA
Babesia felisPrimaquine phosphate 1 mg/kg IM one timeIMonce1 time🌎 NA
  • Babesia felis: Dose is for primaquine base.
  • Babesia felis: The drug does not sterilize the infection.
  • Babesia felis: IM dosage form must be compounded.

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

伯氨喹（Primaquine）是一種8-氨基喹啉類​抗原蟲藥​，在獸醫學中主要作為治療貓Babesia felis（貓巴貝斯蟲）的首選藥物。

  • ​臨床重點​：雖然能有效控制臨床症狀，但通常無法完全清除寄生蟲（無法達到無菌治癒），可能需要重複療程。
  • 對狗的Hepatozoon canis（犬肝簇蟲）和鳥類的​Plasmodium spp.​（禽瘧原蟲）也具潛在療效。
  • ​警告​：此藥物在貓的治療指數（安全範圍）極度狹窄，給藥劑量必須極度精確。

作用機制

The exact antiprotozoal mechanism of action is not fully elucidated.

  • It is believed to bind and alter protozoal DNA.
  • Pharmacological Pearl: As an 8-aminoquinoline, it likely interferes with the parasite's mitochondrial function. It generates ​reactive oxygen species (ROS)​ → disrupts electron transport → causes severe cellular and oxidative damage to the protozoa.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Known hypersensitivity to primaquine
  • Concurrent use of bone marrow suppressant medications
  • Patients susceptible to granulocytopenia (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
  • Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency
  • Pregnancy
  • Lactation

不良反應

  • Vomiting (most common in cats)
  • Nausea
  • Myelosuppression
  • Methemoglobinemia
  • Hemolysis

注意事項

WARNING: Primaquine has an extremely narrow therapeutic index in cats.

  • Dosing Confusion: Commercially available human tablets are usually too concentrated for domestic cats. A specialized compounding pharmacy is highly recommended. Prescribers must be explicitly clear whether the dose is based on primaquine base or primaquine phosphate (26.3 mg primaquine phosphate = 15 mg primaquine base).
  • G-6-PD Deficiency: Contraindicated in humans (and theoretically animals) with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency due to severe risk of hemolytic anemia.
  • Avoid use during pregnancy and lactation due to the risk of hemolytic anemia in fetuses/nursing neonates.

藥物相互作用

Quinacrine

May potentiate the toxicity of one another; use of primaquine within 3 months of quinacrine is not recommended.

Bone Marrow Depressants (e.g., amphotericin B, azathioprine, chloramphenicol, antineoplastics)

Concurrent use may cause an increased risk for toxicity and severe myelosuppression.

Hemolytic Drugs (e.g., acetohydroxamic acid, sulfonylureas, quinidine, sulfonamides)

Concurrent use may cause an increased risk for toxicity and hemolysis.

監測

  • CBC (mandatory, monitor weekly while treating)
  • Improved clinical signs (increased appetite and body weight)
  • Improvement in anemia

藥物動力學

吸收

No pharmacokinetic information located for small animals. In humans, it is rapidly absorbed with high (96%) systemic bioavailability.

分佈

Extensively distributed (human data).

代謝

Rapidly metabolized in the liver to carboxyprimaquine. It is unknown if this metabolite possesses antiprotozoal activity.

排除

Elimination half-life is around 6 hours for primaquine; 24 hours for carboxyprimaquine (human data).

過量

CRITICAL: In cats, dosages greater than 1 mg/kg can be lethal.

  • Management: Overdoses should initially be handled aggressively using standardized protocols for removal of the drug from the gut (emesis, activated charcoal) to prevent absorption.
  • Provide intensive supportive care for potential methemoglobinemia, hemolysis, and myelosuppression.
  • Because of the potential seriousness of overdoses, it is strongly recommended to contact an animal poison control center for guidance immediately.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral tablets
  • Compounded oral suspensions
  • Compounded IM injection

人用標示

  • Primaquine Phosphate Oral Tablets: 26.3 mg (equivalent to 15 mg primaquine base)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Primaquine phosphate tablets should be stored in a tight, light-resistant container below 40°C, preferably between 15-30°C.

飼主須知

  • ​嚴格遵守劑量​：此藥物在貓的安全範圍非常小。請務必嚴格按照處方劑量給藥。如果漏服一次，​絕對不可​在下次給藥時服用雙倍劑量。
  • ​給藥方式​：請與食物一起餵食，以減少腸胃不適（噁心/嘔吐）的機會。
  • ​密切觀察​：請密切注意寵物是否有精神不振、牙齦蒼白或變色、呼吸困難等症狀，若有異常請立即聯絡獸醫師。

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