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普魯本辛 (溴丙胺太林)

Propantheline Bromide

Propantheline bromide

四級銨抗毒蕈鹼藥物POIV狗貓馬

別名: Pro-Banthine · bromuro de propantelina · propanthelini bromidum · Bropantil · Corrigast · Ercorax Rollon · Ercoril · Ercotina · Pantheline · Probamide

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

0.2 mg/kg PO q6-8h; increase dose if necessary to the lowest dose that will control clinical signsPO· q6-8h
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence0.2 mg/kg PO q6-8h; increase dose if necessary to the lowest dose that will control clinical signsPOq6-8h—🌎 NA
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence7.5-30 mg (total dose) PO once a day to q8hPOq24h to q8h—🌎 NA
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence7.5-15 mg (total dose) PO q12h; occasionally dosages of 30 mg q8h are requiredPOq12h—🌎 NA
Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.0.25-0.5 mg/kg PO q8-12hPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.7.5-30 mg PO q8-12hPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
Colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, etc.0.25 mg/kg PO three times a dayPOTIDDo not use longer than 48-72 hours (48 hours for acute colitis)🌎 NA
Colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, etc.0.5 mg/kg two to three times dailyPOBID-TID—🌎 NA
As an antiemetic/antidiarrheal0.25 mg/kg PO q8hPOq8h—🌎 NA
  • Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.: Usually well tolerated, but improvement is usually partial and often temporary.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence0.25-0.5 mg/kg PO q12-24hPOq12-24h—🌎 NA
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence5-7.5 mg (total dose) PO once a day to once every 3 daysPOq24h to q72h—🌎 NA
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence5-7.5 mg (total dose) PO q8h; 7.5 mg PO q72hPOq8h or q72h—🌎 NA
Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.0.8-1.6 mg/kg three times dailyPOTID—🌎 NA
Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.7.5 mg PO q8-12hPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
Chronic colitis0.5 mg/kg two to three times dailyPOBID-TID—🌎 NA
As an antiemetic/antidiarrheal0.25 mg/kg PO q8hPOq8h—🌎 NA
  • Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence: Empirical dosage. Further studies required to substantiate beneficial effect.
  • Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.: Although generally ineffective, a trial may be attempted.
  • Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.: Usually well tolerated, but improvement is usually partial and often temporary.

馬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
To reduce rectal contractions during oocyte collection0.04 mg/kg IVIVOnce—🌎 NA
To inhibit peristalsis for 2 hours during rectal surgery30 mg IVIVOnce—🌎 NA
  • To reduce rectal contractions during oocyte collection: Must be freshly prepared and filtered through a 0.22 micron-filter from oral tablets.
  • To inhibit peristalsis for 2 hours during rectal surgery: Must be freshly prepared and filtered through a 0.22 micron-filter from oral tablets.

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概覽

​普魯本辛 (Propantheline bromide)​ 是一種合成的四級銨抗毒蕈鹼（抗膽鹼）藥物。在獸醫學中主要利用其解痙和抗分泌的特性。

​主要臨床用途：​

  • ​小動物：​ 用於治療腹瀉、逼尿肌反射亢進（急迫性尿失禁）以及對抗膽鹼藥物有反應的心搏過緩。
  • ​馬匹：​ 透過靜脈注射來減少結腸蠕動並放鬆直腸，使直腸檢查與手術更為安全順利。

​臨床要點：​ 由於普魯本辛是一種四級銨化合物，它帶有永久的正電荷且具高度水溶性。這種結構特徵使其不易穿透血腦屏障 (BBB) 或進入眼部。因此，與阿托品 (atropine) 等三級胺相比，它能提供周邊抗膽鹼作用（如腸胃道放鬆和心率提升），同時大幅減少中樞神經系統 (CNS) 或眼部的副作用。

作用機制

Propantheline acts as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (primarily M1, M2, and M3 subtypes) located on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and exocrine glands.

  • ​Gastrointestinal Tract:​ Blockade of M3 receptors → decreased smooth muscle tone and peristalsis (antispasmodic effect) + reduced gastric acid secretion.
  • ​Urinary Tract:​ Blockade of M3 receptors on the detrusor muscle → relaxation of the bladder wall → increased bladder capacity and reduced urge incontinence.
  • ​Cardiovascular System:​ Blockade of M2 receptors on the sinoatrial (SA) node → vagolytic effect → increased heart rate.
  • ​Exocrine Glands:​ Blockade of muscarinic receptors → decreased salivation and respiratory secretions.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Hypersensitivity to anticholinergics
  • Tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency
  • Myocardial ischemia
  • Unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage
  • Gastrointestinal obstructive disease
  • Paralytic ileus
  • Severe ulcerative colitis
  • Obstructive uropathy
  • Myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adverse muscarinic effects secondary to therapy)

不良反應

  • Dry mouth (xerostomia)
  • Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
  • Urinary hesitancy or retention
  • Tachycardia
  • Constipation
  • Vomiting (especially in cats)
  • Hypersalivation (especially in cats)
  • Ileus (at high doses, potentially leading to bacterial overgrowth)

注意事項

​Extreme Caution:​

  • ​GI Infections:​ Can decrease GI motility and prolong retention of causative agents or toxins, worsening clinical signs.
  • ​Autonomic Neuropathy:​ Use with extreme caution.

​Caution:​

  • Hepatic or renal disease
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hypertension
  • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
  • Tachyarrhythmias
  • Prostatic hypertrophy
  • Esophageal reflux
  • Geriatric or pediatric patients
  • Nursing patients (unknown if excreted in milk, but anticholinergics can reduce milk production and cause toxicity in neonates)

藥物相互作用

Antihistamines

May enhance the anticholinergic activity of propantheline.

Benzodiazepines

May enhance the activity of propantheline.

Cimetidine

Propantheline may decrease the absorption of cimetidine.

Corticosteroids

Long-term concurrent use may increase intraocular pressure.

Meperidine

May enhance the activity of propantheline.

Nitrates

May potentiate the adverse effects of propantheline.

Nitrofurantoin

Propantheline may enhance the actions of nitrofurantoin.

Phenothiazines

May enhance the anticholinergic activity of propantheline.

Sympathomimetics

Propantheline may enhance their actions.

Ranitidine

Propantheline delays absorption but increases peak serum levels of ranitidine; relative bioavailability of ranitidine may increase by 23%.

Thiazide Diuretics

Propantheline may enhance their actions.

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of diarrhea, incontinence, or bradycardia)
  • Heart rate and rhythm (if indicated)
  • Adverse effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention)

藥物動力學

吸收

Incompletely absorbed after oral administration due to complete ionization. Food decreases the amount absorbed. Variably absorbed in dogs; dosages require individual titration.

分佈

Poorly lipid soluble; does not extensively penetrate into the CNS or eye.

代謝

Believed to be prevalently metabolized in the GI tract and/or liver.

排除

Less than 5% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.

過量

​Toxicity Profile:​ Because of its quaternary structure, minimal CNS effects are expected following an overdose compared to tertiary amines like atropine.

​Treatment:​

  • ​Decontamination:​ If recent oral ingestion, empty gut contents and administer activated charcoal and saline cathartics.
  • ​Supportive Care:​ Treat clinical signs symptomatically. Fluid therapy and standard treatments for shock may be instituted. Do not use phenothiazines as they may exacerbate anticholinergic effects.
  • ​Antidote (Physostigmine):​ Controversial. Reserve for extreme agitation/risk of injury, or severe/life-threatening supraventricular and sinus tachycardias.
    • Human pediatric dose (reasonable for small animals): 0.02 mg/kg slow IV; may repeat q10 minutes until reversal of toxic effects.
    • Note: Physostigmine adverse effects (bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, seizures) may be treated with small doses of IV atropine.

可用產品

劑型

  • Tablets (Human-labeled): 7.5 mg, 15 mg
  • Injectable: No commercial veterinary product available; must be freshly compounded/filtered from oral tablets for equine IV use

人用標示

  • Propantheline Bromide Tablets: 7.5 mg & 15 mg (Pro-Banthine®; generic)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Propantheline bromide tablets should be stored at room temperature in tight containers.

飼主須知

​重要提示：​ 普魯本辛用於治療腹瀉、尿失禁或心跳過慢。它的作用是放鬆平滑肌並減少腺體分泌。

  • ​口乾：​ 您的寵物可能會出現口乾的現象。可每隔10-15分鐘在寵物舌頭上滴少許水來緩解。
  • ​監測惡化跡象：​ 持續性的嘔吐和腹瀉可能是嚴重的狀況。如果症狀未見改善或惡化，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
  • ​其他副作用：​ 請注意寵物是否有便秘、排尿困難或心跳過快的情況。貓咪在服用此藥後偶爾會出現流口水或嘔吐。
  • ​給藥方式：​ 請嚴格按照處方給藥。未經獸醫師同意，請勿擅自停藥。

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