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丙戊茶鹼

Propentofylline

3-methyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-7-propylxanthine

黃嘌呤衍生物 / 血管擴張劑 / 認知促進劑PO狗

別名: Vitofyllin · Vivitonin · Propentofyllinum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

3-5 mg/kgPO· q12h· Long-term
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劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Dullness, lethargy, and depressed demeanor in older dogs (Canine Cognitive Dysfunction)3-5 mg/kgPOq12hLong-term🌍 EU
  • Dullness, lethargy, and depressed demeanor in older dogs (Canine Cognitive Dysfunction): Administer 30 minutes before feeding for optimal absorption.

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

丙戊茶鹼是一種黃嘌呤衍生物，主要在獸醫學中用於改善周邊和腦部血管的血流。它通常開立給老年犬，以控制與年齡相關的認知功能障礙（犬認知功能障礙）和嗜睡。

​臨床提示：​ 雖然它能改善血流並具有輕微的支氣管擴張作用，但最常用於改善老年犬的精神狀態和活動力。

作用機制

Propentofylline acts primarily via the ​inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE)​, which increases intracellular cAMP levels.

  • ​Vasodilation:​ Increases blood flow to the heart, skeletal muscle, and central nervous system (CNS).
  • ​Cardiac effects:​ Exhibits positive inotropic (increased contractility) and chronotropic (increased heart rate) effects, alongside mild antiarrhythmic properties.
  • ​Respiratory effects:​ Acts as a bronchodilator.
  • ​Hematologic effects:​ Inhibits platelet aggregation and reduces peripheral vascular resistance.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Pregnant or lactating animals
  • Breeding animals
  • Severe cardiac disease (use with caution)

不良反應

  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Anorexia
  • Tachycardia
  • Restlessness
  • Allergic reactions (rare)

注意事項

​Caution:​ Use with care in dogs with severe cardiac disease or pre-existing arrhythmias due to its positive chronotropic and inotropic effects. Specific diseases of the organ systems (e.g., heart failure, renal failure) should be treated primarily with specific medications.

藥物相互作用

SympathomimeticsModerate

Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias and excessive CNS stimulation

TheophyllineMajor

Increased plasma concentrations and risk of xanthine toxicity

監測

  • Clinical response (improvement in demeanor/activity)
  • Heart rate and rhythm
  • Gastrointestinal signs

藥物動力學

半衰期

狗Approximately 1-1.5 hours

吸收

Rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration.

分佈

Widely distributed to tissues, including the CNS.

代謝

Extensively metabolized in the liver.

排除

Excreted primarily via the kidneys as metabolites.

過量

Overdose may lead to exaggerated pharmacological effects, including tachycardia, hypotension, restlessness, tremors, and gastrointestinal distress (vomiting). Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral tablet: 50 mg
  • Oral tablet: 100 mg

獸醫用

  • Vitofyllin 50 mg tablets
  • Vitofyllin 100 mg tablets
  • Vivitonin 50 mg tablets
  • Vivitonin 100 mg tablets

各地核准狀態

United States✗ 未核准FDA/CVM

Not commercially available in the US.

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs

Approved for use in dogs.

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥 · POM-VVMD
🐕 Dogs

POM-V classification.

暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at room temperature in a dry place, protected from light.

飼主須知

丙戊茶鹼用於幫助改善老年犬的活力、精神警覺性和整體生活品質。

  • ​給藥方式：​ 請在空腹時給藥，最好在飯前30分鐘，以確保最佳吸收。
  • ​預期效果：​ 可能需要幾週的時間才能看到狗狗行為和活動力的明顯改善。
  • ​副作用：​ 如果您發現狗狗嘔吐、腹瀉、呼吸急促或異常焦躁，請聯繫您的獸醫師。

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