痤瘡丙酸桿菌注射液
**痤瘡丙酸桿菌注射液 (Propionibacterium acnes injection)** 是一種非特異性免疫刺激劑和生物反應調節劑 (BRM)，由已殺死（非活菌）的痤瘡丙酸桿菌（以前稱為 *Corynebacterium parvum*）懸浮液製成。 ### 臨床應用 * **犬：** 主要作為抗生素治療的輔助藥物，用於治療**慢性復發性膿皮症**，以減輕病灶的嚴重程度和發生頻率。 * **馬：** 作為原發性或繼發性**病毒或細菌性呼吸道感染**的輔助治療，也用於標示外用途，以改善患有**持續性子宮內膜炎**母馬的繁殖力。 * **貓：** 標示外用於控制**貓反轉錄病毒感染** (FeLV, FIV) 和貓鼻氣管炎，但療效數據不一。 > **臨床要點：** 由於它依賴完整的免疫系統來產生反應，其療效可能會有很大差異。它幾乎完全作為*輔助*療法，而非單一療法使用。
作用機制: As a non-specific immunostimulant, *P. acnes* acts by stimulating the reticuloendothelial system and cell-mediated immunity. * **PAMP Recognition:** The killed bacteria contain Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by **Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)** (likely TLR9) on antigen-presenting cells. * **Macrophage Activation:** Induces robust activation of macrophages and dendritic cells. * **Cytokine Cascade:** Stimulates the production of lymphokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ) → promotes a **Th1-type immune response**. * **Effector Cell Enhancement:** Increases **Natural Killer (NK) cell** activity and enhances overall cell-mediated immunity to help clear chronic bacterial or viral infections.
各物種劑量
- Adjunctive therapy of feline retrovirus infections · 0.5 mL · IV · twice weekly for 2 weeks, then one injection weekly · 20 weeks or until cat is seronegative
- Adjunctive therapy of feline retrovirus infections · 0.25-0.5 mL · IV · twice weekly then every other week · 16 weeks
- Antiviral immunostimulant to increase hematopoiesis in FeLV-positive cats · 5 lb cats: 0.25 mL; 10 lb cats: 0.5 mL · IV, IP · twice weekly for 2 weeks, then once weekly until remission and once monthly after that to maintain clinical improvement. (For 10 lb cats: once weekly for 3 weeks and once monthly for 2 months for a total of nine injections) · Variable · Some protocols suggest follow-up with injections once weekly for 20 weeks or longer as needed.
- Immunostimulant for adjunctive therapy of primary or secondary viral or bacterial respiratory tract infections · 1 mL per 114kg (250 lb) body weight · IV · q48-72h · Using EqStim
- Immunostimulant for adjunctive therapy of primary or secondary viral or bacterial respiratory tract infections · 1 mL per 114kg (250 lb) body weight · IV · Repeat dosage on day 3 (or day 4), at day 7, and weekly as needed · Using EqStim
- Adjunctive treatment to improve fertility in mares with endometritis · 1 mL per 114 kg (250 lb) body weight · IV · Given days 0, 2, and 6 · Using EqStim. Best results in mares bred 2 days before to 8 days after initial administration.
- Adjunct to antibiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic recurring canine pyoderma · For animals weighing up to 15 lbs = 0.25-0.5 mL; 15-45 lbs = 0.25-1 mL; 45-75 lbs = 1-1.5 mL; >75 lbs = 1.5-2 mL · IV · 4 times at 3-4 day intervals, then once weekly until symptoms abate or stabilize. Maintenance doses once per month are recommended. · Shake well before use.
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to the compound
- Canine lymphoma
- Leukemias with CNS involvement
- FIV or FIP in cats (according to some sources)
不良反應
- Lethargy
- Hyperthermia (fever)
- Chills
- Anorexia
- Anaphylactic reactions
- Local tissue inflammation (if extravasated)
- Vomiting (long-term use)
- Malaise (long-term use)
- Acidosis (long-term use)
- Increased water consumption (long-term use)
- Hepatitis (long-term use)
藥物相互作用
- Glucocorticoids · May compromise immunostimulant effects; manufacturer recommends discontinuing steroids at least 7 days prior to initiating therapy.
- Immunosuppressive drugs · May compromise immunostimulant effects.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of pyoderma lesions, improvement in respiratory signs, or viral remission)
- Adverse effects (lethargy, fever, chills)
- Signs of anaphylaxis immediately following injection
過量
Specific overdosage information is not available. The primary concern with acute administration is the potential for **anaphylactic (severe allergic) reactions**. The manufacturer states that the antidote for such reactions is **epinephrine**.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。