洋車前子
Psyllium
Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid
別名: Metamucil · Equi-Psyllium · Sandclear · Vetasyl · Plantago seed · Psyllium seed husk · Ispaghula
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trial to treat chronic idiopathic large bowel diarrhea | 2 tablespoonsful (1.33 grams/kg/day; range: 0.32-4.9 grams/kg/day) per day added to a highly digestible diet | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| To increase fiber in dogs with chronic colitis | 1-2 tablespoonsful (15-30 mL) per 25 kg body weight | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Predominantly large bowel diarrhea (therapeutic trial) | 0.5 tablespoon for toy breeds, 1 tablespoon for small dogs, 2 tablespoons for medium dogs, and 3 tablespoons for large dogs | PO | q24h | 5-10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Dogs prone to constipation | 2% psyllium added as part of diet | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunct (source of soluble fiber) for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy | 1-3 teaspoons per day as a dietary supplement | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Trial to treat chronic idiopathic large bowel diarrhea: Using Metamucil
- To increase fiber in dogs with chronic colitis: Add to animal's regular diet
- Predominantly large bowel diarrhea (therapeutic trial): Given alongside metronidazole 20-25 mg/kg PO twice daily
- Dogs prone to constipation: 80% of studied dogs had easier defecation process
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic constipation | 1-4 teaspoonsful per meal added to canned cat food | PO | per meal | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of feline megacolon | 1-4 teaspoonsful mixed with food | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Chronic constipation: Be sure cat is properly hydrated
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sand colic | 1 gram/kg | PO / NG tube | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Sand colic | 0.5 kg mixed with 1 liter of mash | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Sand impactions | 8 ounces in water | NG tube | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Sand colic: Mix approx 1 lb powder with water and administer immediately via NG tube. If giving orally to foals, give small amounts to prevent esophageal obstruction. Pelleted form is more palatable.
- Sand colic: Given with 2 liters of mineral oil via NG tube once daily
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
洋車前子是一種膨脹性瀉藥，主要用於治療和預防馬的沙石疝痛，以及作為便秘的瀉藥。它也可用於增加慢性水樣腹瀉患者的糞便成形度。
臨床要點：它是一種可溶性纖維，在腸道內吸收水分後膨脹，促進腸道蠕動。雖然能改善腹瀉時的糞便成形度，但糞便中的總水分含量保持不變。
作用機制
Psyllium acts primarily through mechanical and physical mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract:
- Water Absorption: The hemicellulose mucilage absorbs water in the intestinal lumen and swells.
- Peristalsis Induction: The increased bulk distends the intestinal wall → stimulates stretch receptors → induces peristalsis and decreases overall intestinal transit time.
- Sand Clearance (Horses): The mucilaginous gel formed by psyllium helps collect and bind sand, lubricating its passage through the GI tract for elimination.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Rabbits (may damage intestinal mucosa and cause blockage)
- Fecal impaction (no feces being passed)
- Intestinal obstruction
- Conditions where prompt intestinal evacuation is required
不良反應
- Flatulence
- Esophageal obstruction (if administered with insufficient liquid)
- Bowel obstruction (if administered with insufficient liquid)
注意事項
Bulk-forming laxatives must be administered with adequate water. If insufficient liquid is given, there is an increased possibility of esophageal or bowel obstruction occurring. Do not use in rabbits. Safe for use in pregnant and lactating animals (FDA Category B equivalent), as there is no appreciable systemic absorption.
藥物相互作用
Potential exists for psyllium to bind and reduce absorption if given at the same time; separate doses by 3 hours or more.
Potential exists for psyllium to bind and reduce absorption if given at the same time; separate doses by 3 hours or more.
Potential exists for psyllium to bind and reduce absorption if given at the same time; separate doses by 3 hours or more.
監測
- Stool consistency
- Defecation frequency
- Hydration status
藥物動力學
吸收
Not absorbed when administered orally.
分佈
Remains locally in the gastrointestinal tract.
代謝
Not metabolized systemically; may undergo partial fermentation by colonic bacteria.
排除
Excreted unchanged in feces. Laxative action may take up to 72 hours to occur.
過量
If administered with sufficient liquid, psyllium overdose should cause only an increased amount of soft or loose stools. If administered without sufficient liquid, risk of severe esophageal or intestinal obstruction increases.
可用產品
劑型
- Powder
- Pellets
- Tablets
- Capsules
獸醫用
- Equine Enteric Colloid (Techmix)
- Equi-Phar Sweet Psyllium (Vedco)
- Sandclear (Farnam)
- Anipsyll Powder (AHC)
- Purepsyll Powder (AHC)
- Vita-Flex Sand Relief (Vita-lex)
- Equa Aid Psyllium (Equi Aid)
- Vetasyl Fiber Tablets for Cats 500 mg & 1000 mg (Virbac)
人用標示
- Metamucil (approx 3.4 grams of psyllium per rounded teaspoonful)
- Various generic OTC psyllium powders and capsules
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store psyllium products in tightly closed containers; protect from excess moisture or humidity.
飼主須知
重要警告：在服用此補充劑期間，您的寵物必須隨時可以喝到新鮮的水。如果沒有足夠的水分，洋車前子可能會在喉嚨或腸道內膨脹，導致危險的阻塞。
- 給藥方式：對於貓狗，強烈建議將粉末或顆粒與濕食/罐頭混合，以確保攝取足夠的水分。
- 何時聯繫獸醫：如果寵物開始嘔吐、出現腹痛跡象，或排便困難但沒有糞便排出，請立即聯繫獸醫。
- 耐心等待：可能需要長達3天（72小時）才能看到完全的通便效果。
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