洋車前子
洋車前子是一種膨脹性瀉藥，主要用於治療和預防馬的沙石疝痛，以及作為便秘的瀉藥。它也可用於增加慢性水樣腹瀉患者的糞便成形度。 **臨床要點**：它是一種可溶性纖維，在腸道內吸收水分後膨脹，促進腸道蠕動。雖然能改善腹瀉時的糞便成形度，但糞便中的總水分含量保持不變。
作用機制: Psyllium acts primarily through mechanical and physical mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract: * **Water Absorption:** The hemicellulose mucilage absorbs water in the intestinal lumen and swells. * **Peristalsis Induction:** The increased bulk distends the intestinal wall → stimulates stretch receptors → **induces peristalsis** and decreases overall intestinal transit time. * **Sand Clearance (Horses):** The mucilaginous gel formed by psyllium helps collect and bind sand, lubricating its passage through the GI tract for elimination.
各物種劑量
- Chronic constipation · 1-4 teaspoonsful per meal added to canned cat food · PO · per meal · Be sure cat is properly hydrated
- Adjunctive treatment of feline megacolon · 1-4 teaspoonsful mixed with food · PO · q12-24h
- Sand colic · 1 gram/kg · PO / NG tube · q12h · Mix approx 1 lb powder with water and administer immediately via NG tube. If giving orally to foals, give small amounts to prevent esophageal obstruction. Pelleted form is more palatable.
- Sand colic · 0.5 kg mixed with 1 liter of mash · PO · q12h · Given with 2 liters of mineral oil via NG tube once daily
- Sand impactions · 8 ounces in water · NG tube · q24h
- Trial to treat chronic idiopathic large bowel diarrhea · 2 tablespoonsful (1.33 grams/kg/day; range: 0.32-4.9 grams/kg/day) per day added to a highly digestible diet · PO · q24h · Using Metamucil
- To increase fiber in dogs with chronic colitis · 1-2 tablespoonsful (15-30 mL) per 25 kg body weight · PO · q24h · Add to animal's regular diet
- Predominantly large bowel diarrhea (therapeutic trial) · 0.5 tablespoon for toy breeds, 1 tablespoon for small dogs, 2 tablespoons for medium dogs, and 3 tablespoons for large dogs · PO · q24h · 5-10 days · Given alongside metronidazole 20-25 mg/kg PO twice daily
- Dogs prone to constipation · 2% psyllium added as part of diet · PO · q24h · 80% of studied dogs had easier defecation process
- Adjunct (source of soluble fiber) for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy · 1-3 teaspoons per day as a dietary supplement · PO · q24h
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Rabbits (may damage intestinal mucosa and cause blockage)
- Fecal impaction (no feces being passed)
- Intestinal obstruction
- Conditions where prompt intestinal evacuation is required
不良反應
- Flatulence
- Esophageal obstruction (if administered with insufficient liquid)
- Bowel obstruction (if administered with insufficient liquid)
藥物相互作用
- Aspirin (and other salicylates) · Potential exists for psyllium to bind and reduce absorption if given at the same time; separate doses by 3 hours or more.
- Digoxin · Potential exists for psyllium to bind and reduce absorption if given at the same time; separate doses by 3 hours or more.
- Nitrofurantoin · Potential exists for psyllium to bind and reduce absorption if given at the same time; separate doses by 3 hours or more.
監測
- Stool consistency
- Defecation frequency
- Hydration status
過量
If administered with sufficient liquid, psyllium overdose should cause only an increased amount of soft or loose stools. If administered without sufficient liquid, risk of severe esophageal or intestinal obstruction increases.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。