吡嘧替 / 雙羥萘酸吡嘧替
Pyrantel
Pyrantel pamoate / Pyrantel embonate
別名: Drontal · Cazitel · Cestem · Dolpac · Endoguard · Prazitel · Veloxa · WORMclear · Pyrantel pamoate · Pyrantel embonate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, Uncinaria stenocephala, and Ancylostoma caninum | 5 mg/kg pyrantel + 15 mg/kg febantel or 20 mg/kg oxantel | PO | repeat as required | Single dose, repeat as required | 🌍 EU |
- Control of Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, Uncinaria stenocephala, and Ancylostoma caninum: Often administered as a combination product.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of susceptible gastrointestinal nematodes | 57.5 mg/kg pyrantel embonate | PO | repeat as required | Single dose, repeat as required | 🌍 EU |
- Control of susceptible gastrointestinal nematodes: Equivalent to approximately 20 mg/kg pyrantel base.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
吡嘧替 (Pyrantel) 是一種廣效驅蟲藥，廣泛應用於獸醫學中，主要用於控制胃腸道線蟲，特別是蛔蟲和鉤蟲。它經常與非班太爾 (Febantel) 或 奧克太爾 (Oxantel) 結合使用，以將其抗菌譜擴大至鞭蟲，或與吡喹酮結合以針對絛蟲。
臨床提示： 吡嘧替在胃腸道的吸收極差。這種藥代動力學特性非常有利，因為它允許藥物在目標寄生蟲所在的腸腔內達到高濃度，同時最大限度地減少全身性暴露，從而為宿主提供極高的安全裕度。
作用機制
Pyrantel acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent in susceptible parasites. It functions as a cholinergic agonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the nematode → causes continuous depolarization of the parasite's muscle cell membrane → results in spastic paralysis of the worm. The paralyzed parasites lose their attachment to the intestinal wall and are subsequently expelled from the host's gastrointestinal tract via normal peristalsis.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Puppies < 2 months of age
- Puppies < 1 kg body weight
- Pregnant animals (safety not established)
- Lactating animals (safety not established)
不良反應
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
注意事項
Age and Weight Restrictions: Do not use in puppies under 2 months of age or weighing less than 1 kg. Reproductive Safety: Safety has not been established in pregnant or lactating animals; use is not recommended. Dosing Note: Pay close attention to the formulation. Some formulations express doses in terms of pyrantel base, while others use pyrantel embonate/pamonate (50 mg pyrantel base is equivalent to 144 mg pyrantel embonate/pamonate).
藥物相互作用
Synergistic effect against whipworms
Synergistic effect against whipworms
Antagonistic mechanisms of action (piperazine causes flaccid paralysis, pyrantel causes spastic paralysis)
Similar mechanism of action; concurrent use increases the risk of cholinergic toxicity
Increased risk of cholinergic toxicity
監測
- Resolution of clinical signs (e.g., diarrhea, poor weight gain)
- Fecal flotation/egg counts to confirm parasite clearance
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, allowing high concentrations to remain in the gut lumen to act on intestinal parasites.
分佈
Minimal systemic distribution due to poor absorption.
代謝
The small fraction that is absorbed is rapidly metabolized in the liver.
排除
Primarily excreted unchanged in the feces. The small absorbed fraction is excreted in the urine as metabolites.
過量
Due to its poor gastrointestinal absorption, pyrantel has a wide margin of safety. Massive overdosage may result in systemic cholinergic signs, including salivation, vomiting, tremors, ataxia, and dyspnea. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.
可用產品
劑型
- 10 mg tablet
- 50 mg tablet
- 80 mg tablet
- 87 mg tablet
- 120 mg tablet
- 125 mg tablet
- 175 mg tablet
- 5 mg/ml oral liquid
獸醫用
- Anthelmin
- Cazitel
- Cestem
- Dolpac
- Drontal
- Endoguard
- Prazitel
- Veloxa
- WORMclear
人用標示
- Combantrin
- Pin-X
各地核准狀態
Available OTC in many formulations.
Classified as POM-V in the provided monograph, though some formulations may be available under different distribution categories depending on the member state.
Classified as POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinarian) for specific proprietary products, though some anthelmintics are NFA-VPS.
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature in tightly closed containers, protected from light and moisture.
飼主須知
- 可與食物一起餵食或單獨餵食。
- 給藥後偶爾可能會出現輕微的副作用，如嘔吐或腹瀉。
- 處理藥物後請徹底洗手。
- 確保劑量準確，特別是在幼犬或幼貓中。請勿用於2個月以下或體重低於1公斤的幼犬。
- 治療後您可能會在寵物的糞便中看到死去的寄生蟲。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。