吡嘧替 / 雙羥萘酸吡嘧替
**吡嘧替 (Pyrantel)** 是一種廣效驅蟲藥，廣泛應用於獸醫學中，主要用於控制胃腸道線蟲，特別是蛔蟲和鉤蟲。它經常與**非班太爾 (Febantel)** 或 **奧克太爾 (Oxantel)** 結合使用，以將其抗菌譜擴大至鞭蟲，或與吡喹酮結合以針對絛蟲。 > **臨床提示：** 吡嘧替在胃腸道的吸收極差。這種藥代動力學特性非常有利，因為它允許藥物在目標寄生蟲所在的腸腔內達到高濃度，同時最大限度地減少全身性暴露，從而為宿主提供極高的安全裕度。
作用機制: Pyrantel acts as a **depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent** in susceptible parasites. It functions as a **cholinergic agonist** at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the nematode → causes continuous depolarization of the parasite's muscle cell membrane → results in **spastic paralysis** of the worm. The paralyzed parasites lose their attachment to the intestinal wall and are subsequently expelled from the host's gastrointestinal tract via normal peristalsis.
各物種劑量
- Control of Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, Uncinaria stenocephala, and Ancylostoma caninum · 5 mg/kg pyrantel + 15 mg/kg febantel or 20 mg/kg oxantel · PO · repeat as required · Single dose, repeat as required · Often administered as a combination product.
- Control of susceptible gastrointestinal nematodes · 57.5 mg/kg pyrantel embonate · PO · repeat as required · Single dose, repeat as required · Equivalent to approximately 20 mg/kg pyrantel base.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Puppies < 2 months of age
- Puppies < 1 kg body weight
- Pregnant animals (safety not established)
- Lactating animals (safety not established)
不良反應
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
藥物相互作用
- Febantel · Synergistic effect against whipworms · null
- Oxantel · Synergistic effect against whipworms · null
- Piperazine · Antagonistic mechanisms of action (piperazine causes flaccid paralysis, pyrantel causes spastic paralysis) · major
- Levamisole · Similar mechanism of action; concurrent use increases the risk of cholinergic toxicity · major
- Cholinesterase inhibitors · Increased risk of cholinergic toxicity · major
監測
- Resolution of clinical signs (e.g., diarrhea, poor weight gain)
- Fecal flotation/egg counts to confirm parasite clearance
過量
Due to its poor gastrointestinal absorption, pyrantel has a wide margin of safety. Massive overdosage may result in systemic cholinergic signs, including **salivation, vomiting, tremors, ataxia, and dyspnea**. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。