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奎納克林

Quinacrine

Quinacrine HCl

抗原蟲藥POIntrapleural (humans)狗貓爬蟲類

別名: Mepacrine HCl

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

6.6 mg/kg PO q12hPO· q12h· 5 days
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Giardia or other susceptible protozoa (second-choice)6.6 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h5 days🌎 NA
Giardia or other susceptible protozoa (second-choice)9 mg/kg PO q24hPOq24h6 days🌎 NA

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Giardia9 mg/kg PO once dailyPOq24h6 days🌎 NA
Coccidiosis10 mg/kg PO once dailyPOq24h5 days🌎 NA
Giardia11 mg/kg PO q24hPOq24h12 days🌎 NA
Coccidiosis10 mg/kg PO once dailyPOq24h5 days🌎 NA

爬蟲類

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Hemoprotozoal infections19-100 mg/kg PO q48h (every other day)POq48h2-3 weeks🌎 NA

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

​奎納克林 (Quinacrine)​ 是一種合成的吖啶衍生物，主要用作抗原蟲藥和驅蟲藥。

歷史上，它被用於治療​梨形鞭毛蟲 (Giardia)​、​利什曼原蟲 (Leishmania)​ 和​球蟲 (coccidia)​ 感染。然而，在現代獸醫學中，它已在很大程度上被更安全、更有效的替代藥物（如用於治療梨形鞭毛蟲的甲硝唑或芬苯達唑）所取代。

​臨床要點：​

  • 可能改善梨形鞭毛蟲感染的臨床症狀，但通常無法完全消除病原體。
  • 可能導致皮膚和尿液出現無害的黃色變色，不應與黃疸混淆。
  • 目前在市場上很難取得，通常需要透過調劑藥局配製。
  • 被認為具有潛在的致畸性，除非絕對必要，否則應避免在懷孕動物中使用。

作用機制

The exact antiprotozoal mechanism against Giardia is not fully elucidated, but it involves multiple pathways:

  • DNA Intercalation: Binds to DNA by inserting itself between adjacent base pairs → inhibits RNA transcription and translocation.
  • Metabolic Inhibition: Interferes with electron transport and inhibits succinate oxidation.
  • Enzyme Inhibition: Inhibits cholinesterase.
  • In humans, it binds to nucleoproteins to suppress lupus erythematosus (LE) cell factor.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Hepatic dysfunction (relative)
  • Pregnancy (relative, potential teratogen)
  • Psychotic disorders (in humans)
  • Psoriasis (in humans)
  • Porphyria (in humans)

不良反應

  • Yellowing of skin and urine (benign)
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Abnormal behaviors ('fly biting', agitation)
  • Lethargy
  • Pruritus
  • Fever
  • Hypersensitivity reactions (rare)
  • Hepatopathy (rare)
  • Aplastic anemia (rare)
  • Corneal edema (rare)
  • Retinopathy (rare)

注意事項

Hepatic Impairment: Use with extreme caution in patients with hepatic dysfunction, as the drug concentrates heavily in the liver. Pregnancy: FDA Category C. Has caused fetal death in rats at high doses and is implicated in human birth defects. Weigh risks vs. benefits. Laboratory Interference: Can cause falsely elevated plasma and urine cortisol values due to interfering fluorescence.

藥物相互作用

Alcohol

May cause a 'disulfiram-like' reaction if used concurrently.

Hepatotoxic Drugs

Quinacrine concentrates in the liver; use with caution with other hepatotoxic agents.

Primaquine

Quinacrine increases the toxicity of primaquine; do not use simultaneously.

監測

  • Efficacy (fecal exams, reduction in diarrhea)
  • Adverse effects (GI upset, behavioral changes)

藥物動力學

吸收

Absorbed well from the GI tract or after intrapleural administration.

分佈

Distributed throughout the body, but CSF levels are only 15% of plasma levels. Concentrates in the liver, spleen, lungs, and adrenals. Highly bound to plasma proteins in humans (80-90%). Crosses the placenta.

代謝

Slowly metabolized.

排除

Eliminated very slowly, primarily by the kidneys. Acidifying the urine increases renal excretion. Detectable in urine up to 2 months after discontinuation.

過量

​Acute Toxicity:​ Overdosage can be severe and potentially fatal.

  • Clinical Signs: CNS excitation (including seizures), severe GI disturbances, vascular collapse, and cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Treatment:
    • Gut emptying protocols (emesis/lavage, activated charcoal).
    • Supportive and symptomatic therapies.
    • Urinary acidification (e.g., with ammonium chloride) and forced diuresis with adequate fluid therapy to enhance renal excretion.

可用產品

劑型

  • Tablets (Compounded)
  • Oral liquid (Compounded)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store tablets in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature. Not stable in solution for any length of time, but tablets may be crushed and mixed with food to mask the bitter taste immediately before administration.

飼主須知

  • ​給藥方式​：請在飯後給予此藥物以減少腸胃不適。確保您的寵物有充足的飲水。
  • ​變色現象​：您可能會注意到寵物的皮膚或尿液變成黃色。這是藥物無害的副作用，並不代表您的寵物患有黃疸或肝病。
  • ​副作用​：觀察是否有嘔吐、腹瀉、嗜睡或異常行為（例如對著空氣咬，稱為「咬飛蠅」行為）。如果出現這些情況，請聯繫您的獸醫。
  • ​服藥順從性​：即使您的寵物看起來已經好轉，完成整個療程也是至關重要的。

VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。