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羅米非定

Romifidine

2-(2-Bromo-7-fluoroanilino-)-2-imidazoline

α2-腎上腺素受體激動劑 / 鎮靜鎮痛藥IVIMSQEpidural狗貓馬牛

別名: Sedivet · Romidys · Sedivan · STH-2130 · romifidiini · romifidina · romifidinum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

經審核的 v13 劑量證據

結構化劑量計算證據

Postanesthesia sedation (extra-label)

20 mcg/kgIV

須由已驗證獸醫確認

  • once

NA

必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (1)
  • Store romifidine HCl injection at controlled room temperature (15°C to 30°C [59°F-86°F]).
高風險須由已驗證獸醫確認formulary方案年份 2023審核 dose-audit-plumb-v13

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

羅米非定（Romifidine）是一種強效的​α2-腎上腺素受體激動劑​，在獸醫學中主要用作鎮靜劑、肌肉鬆弛劑和鎮痛藥。

主要臨床特點包括：

  • ​馬匹應用​：在馬匹臨床中極受歡迎，因為在常用的α2-激動劑（如賽拉嗪或右美托咪定）中，它能提供​最長的鎮靜時間​，且在鎮靜劑量下通常引起的​共濟失調較輕​，使馬匹在站立處置期間能保持更穩定的站姿。
  • ​小動物應用​：雖然在美國僅獲FDA批准用於馬匹，但在部分歐洲國家，它被批准並用於犬貓，作為可靠的麻醉前給藥和鎮靜劑。
  • ​鎮痛與鎮靜對比​：與大多數α2-激動劑一樣，其鎮痛作用的持續時間明顯短於肉眼可見的鎮靜時間。

​臨床要點​：儘管動物（尤其是馬匹）看起來已深度鎮靜，但仍可能對聽覺或觸覺刺激做出突然且劇烈的反應。請務必保持安全的操作規範。

作用機制

Romifidine exerts its effects by binding to and stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors located in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

  • ​Central Nervous System (CNS)​: Presynaptic alpha-2 activation causes feedback inhibition of norepinephrine release → resulting in dose-dependent sedation, muscle relaxation, and analgesia. It also reduces overall sympathetic outflow.
  • Cardiovascular System: Postsynaptic alpha-2 activation in peripheral vascular smooth muscle → initial vasoconstriction and transient hypertension → triggers a secondary vagal reflex → bradycardia and subsequent hypotension.
  • Metabolic & GI: Inhibits insulin release from pancreatic beta cells → transient hyperglycemia. It also decreases gastrointestinal motility and alters thermoregulatory mechanisms.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Known hypersensitivity to romifidine
  • Concurrent use with intravenous potentiated sulfonamides
  • Preexisting cardiac conditions, arrhythmias, or severe cardiovascular compromise
  • Severe respiratory, hepatic, or renal disease
  • Pregnancy (especially last month in horses, and throughout pregnancy in dogs/cats)
  • Shock or severe systemic debilitation

不良反應

  • Bradycardia (can be profound)
  • First- and second-degree atrioventricular (AV) heart block
  • Sinus arrhythmias
  • Initial hypertension followed by hypotension
  • Ataxia and muscle tremors
  • Sweating and piloerection (horses)
  • Vomiting (especially common in cats)
  • Transient hyperglycemia
  • Decreased gastrointestinal motility (flatulence, mild colic in horses)
  • Increased urination
  • Altered thermoregulation (hypothermia or hyperthermia)
  • Swelling of face, lips, and upper airways; stridor (horses)
  • Paradoxical excitation (rare)

注意事項

​Important Warnings:​

  • Sudden Arousal: Animals may appear deeply sedated but can still respond aggressively (e.g., kicking) to external stimuli. Use appropriate physical restraint.
  • Cardiovascular Depression: Causes significant bradycardia and AV block. Use with extreme caution in patients with preexisting heart disease.
  • Vomiting Risk: Dogs and particularly cats may vomit after administration. Fasting for at least 12 hours prior to use is recommended in small animals.
  • Thermoregulation: Can cause hypothermia during prolonged sedation; provide thermal support.
  • Human Safety: Can be absorbed through the skin and oral mucosa. Handlers should avoid self-exposure and wash immediately if accidental contact occurs.

藥物相互作用

Intravenous Potentiated Sulfonamides (e.g., trimethoprim/sulfa)

May cause fatal dysrhythmias; concurrent use is strictly contraindicated.

Other Alpha-2 Agonists (e.g., xylazine, dexmedetomidine) & Epinephrine

Additive cardiovascular and CNS effects; epinephrine may potentiate adverse effects and arrhythmias.

Phenothiazines (e.g., acepromazine)

Can result in severe, compounding hypotension.

Anesthetics, Opiates, Sedatives/Hypnotics

Synergistic CNS depression; significantly reduces the required dose of induction and maintenance anesthetics. Increased risk of arrhythmias with thiopental, ketamine, or halothane.

監測

  • Level of sedation and analgesia
  • Respiratory rate and effort
  • Heart rate and rhythm (ECG recommended during anesthesia)
  • Blood pressure (especially during general anesthesia)
  • Body temperature (monitor for hypothermia during prolonged procedures)

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓~6 hours馬~135 minutes狗~2 hours

吸收

Dogs/Cats: Bioavailability after IM is 86% (dogs) and 95% (cats). SC bioavailability in dogs is 92%. Peak levels after IM occur in ~50 mins (dogs) and ~25 mins (cats).

分佈

Horses: Vd ~2-3 L/kg. Dogs: Vd ~3 L/kg. Cats: Vd ~6 L/kg.

代謝

Biotransformed in the liver.

排除

Dogs: ~80% eliminated in urine, 20% in feces. Horses: Clearance ~100 mL/min/kg.

過量

In horses, experimental doses up to 5X (600 mcg/kg) caused sinus bradycardia, 2nd-degree heart block, occasional apnea, mild respiratory stridor, deep sedation, frequent urination, and sweating. No clinically significant alterations in blood gases or chemistries were noted.

In dogs, doses up to 10X (1 mg/kg IV daily for 4 weeks) resulted in no serious adverse effects reported.

Treatment: If necessary, an alpha-2 antagonist such as atipamezole (30-80 mcg/kg) or yohimbine can be administered to rapidly reverse the sedation and cardiovascular adverse effects.

可用產品

劑型

  • Injection: 10 mg/mL (1%)
  • Injection: 1 mg/mL (0.1%)

獸醫用

  • Romifidine HCl 1% (10 mg/mL) Injection (Sedivet)
  • Romifidine HCl 0.1% (1 mg/mL) Injection (Romidys - Europe)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at controlled room temperature (15-30°C).

飼主須知

  • ​僅限專業使用​：本藥物嚴格限制由獸醫專業人員在臨床環境中給藥。
  • ​鎮靜馬匹的注意事項​：如果您在馬匹接受羅米非定後協助保定或牽引，​請務必格外小心​。即使馬匹看起來睡得很沉或已深度鎮靜，如果被巨大的聲音或突然的觸摸驚嚇，牠們仍可能做出突然的防禦性反應（例如踢腿或前撲）。
  • ​寵物禁食​：如果您的犬貓預定要接受此藥物，獸醫通常會建議在給藥前至少禁食 12 小時，因為該藥物在給藥後常會引起噁心和嘔吐。

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